Kalmyk Khanate: Map & History
The Kalmyk Khanate was an Oirat Mongol khanate on the Eurasian steppe.
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The Kalmyk Khanate was an Oirat Mongol khanate on the Eurasian steppe. It extended over modern Kalmykia and surrounding areas in the North Caucasus, including Stavropol and Astrakhan. During their independence, the Kalmyks both raided and allied with Russia in turn, engaging in numerous military expeditions against the Crimean Tatars, the Ottoman Empire, neighboring Muslim tribes, and the highlanders of the North Caucasus. The Khanate was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1771.
Modern Countries Once Part of Kalmyk Khanate
At its mapped extent, Kalmyk Khanate covered territory in 1 present-day country. The period shown is when the mapped borders include that country, and the note says how much of it.
States and Provinces
Largest Present-Day Cities in Its Territory
Each opens on the live map inside Kalmyk Khanate's borders of that time.
Derived by testing mapped cities against this polity's dated territorial polygons, so the list is indicative and follows the borders in the source dataset.
Kalmyk Khanate in Depth
History
Upon arrival in the lower Volga region in 1630, the Oirats encamped on land that was once part of the Astrakhan Khanate, but was then claimed by the Tsarist government. The region was lightly populated, from south of Saratov to the Russian garrison at Astrakhan, and on both the east and the west banks of the Volga River. The Tsarist government was not ready to colonize the area and was in no position to prevent the Oirats from encamping in the region, but it had a direct political interest in ensuring that the Oirats would not become allied with their Turkic-speaking neighbors.
The Oirats quickly consolidated their position by expelling the majority of the native inhabitants, the Nogai Horde.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Kalmyk Khanate (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Kalmyk Khanate: Key Facts
| Form of government | monarchy |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1630 |
| Dissolved | 1771 |
Facts from Wikidata Q4210248 (CC0).
Kalmyk Khanate Map Over Time
Dated world maps on which Kalmyk Khanate appears, with the other states of the time.
Kalmyk Khanate Timeline
Key historical inflections from foundation to peak territorial expansion
Expansion to peak recorded area of 175,318 km² in 1753 CE.
Kalmyk Khanate: Frequently Asked Questions
When did the Kalmyk Khanate exist?
The Kalmyk Khanate is dated to 1632 CE – 1771 CE, in the Early Modern & Age of Discovery era.
What was the capital of the Kalmyk Khanate?
The capital of the Kalmyk Khanate was Ayuka Khan's residence (1697–1724).
How large was the Kalmyk Khanate at its peak?
At its peak in 1753 the Kalmyk Khanate covered about 175,318 km².
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