High & Late Middle Ages Map: The World 1000–1450 AD

The largest contiguous land empire in world history, uniting the entire Eurasian landmass from the Sea of Japan to the Danube River under the Pax Mongolica.

The foremost maritime naval superpower of medieval Asia, dominating South India and dispatching trans-oceanic naval armadas to Srivijaya (Indonesia/Malaysia).

The largest pre-Columbian empire in the Americas, constructing monumental stone cities and 30,000 kilometers of paved roads across the Andes mountains without the wheel or iron.

The fabled West African gold empire founded by Sundiata Keita, whose ruler Mansa Musa became the wealthiest human in world history and turned Timbuktu into an intellectual capital.

The world’s first industrial and economic revolution, inventing paper banknotes, gunpowder weaponry, and the magnetic navigation compass.

A thousand-year multi-ethnic confederation across Central Europe, bridging the legacy of Rome and Charlemagne with the Golden Bull electoral monarchy.

The dominant Mesoamerican superpower of central Mexico, celebrated for the island metropolis of Tenochtitlan, chinampa agriculture, and astronomical calendrics.

The grand hydraulic civilization of mainland Southeast Asia that constructed Angkor Wat, the largest religious temple monument on Earth.

The glorious medieval South Indian empire founded on the Tungabhadra river, famed for the granite metropolis of Hampi, diamond markets, and Krishnadevaraya.

The five-dynasty Islamic sultanate based in Delhi that successfully repelled Mongol invasions and united northern and central India under Indo-Islamic architecture.

The greatest maritime thalassocracy of the Indonesian archipelago, uniting over 98 tributary states across Nusantara through Prime Minister Gajah Mada’s Palapa Oath.

The Golden Horde, or Ulus of Jochi, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century, originating from the northwestern part of the Mongol Empire.

The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire.

The Chagatai Khanate, also known as the Chagatai Ulus, was a Mongol khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors.

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan, was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division.

The Golden Horde, or Ulus of Jochi, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century, originating from the northwestern part of the Mongol Empire.

Joseon, officially Great Joseon State, was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years.

The Kingdom of Georgia, also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy that was founded in c.

Timurid Empire is mapped in the atlas for 1375 CE – 1528 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 5,138,510 km².

The largest contiguous land empire in world history, uniting the entire Eurasian landmass from the Sea of Japan to the Danube River under the Pax Mongolica.

The Golden Horde, or Ulus of Jochi, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century, originating from the northwestern part of the Mongol Empire.

Vassalage of Qara Qoyunlu to Timurid Empire is mapped in the atlas for 1407 CE – 1467 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 4,732,201 km².

The Khanate of Sibir was a Siberian Tatar state in western Siberia.

The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279.

The Seljuk Empire, or the Great Seljuk Empire, was a high medieval, culturally Turco-Persian empire established and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks.

The Khwarazmian Empire, or simply Khwarazm, was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim empire of Turkic mamluk origin, ruled by the Anushtegin dynasty.

The Four Oirats or Oirat Confederation, formerly known as the Eleuths, was the confederation of the Oirat tribes which marked the rise of the Western Mongols in the history of the Mongolian Plateau.

The largest contiguous land empire in world history, uniting the entire Eurasian landmass from the Sea of Japan to the Danube River under the Pax Mongolica.

The Northern Yuan was a dynastic state ruled by the Mongol Borjigin clan based in the Mongolian Plateau.

The Jalayirid Sultanate, also Ilka dynasty or Ilkanids, was a Mongol dynasty which ruled over modern-day Iraq and western Iran after the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 1330s.

The world’s first industrial and economic revolution, inventing paper banknotes, gunpowder weaponry, and the magnetic navigation compass.

Vassalage of Western Xia to Great Jin is mapped in the atlas for 1126 CE – 1226 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 2,591,598 km².

Kara-Khitans is mapped in the atlas for 1126 CE – 1219 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 2,568,396 km².

The White Horde, or more appropriately, the left wing of the Jochid ulus, was one of the uluses within the Mongol Empire formed around 1225, after the death of Jochi when his son, Orda, inherited his father's appanage by the Jaxartes.

The largest contiguous land empire in world history, uniting the entire Eurasian landmass from the Sea of Japan to the Danube River under the Pax Mongolica.

The Tughlaq dynasty was the third dynasty to rule over the Delhi Sultanate in the medieval Indian subcontinent.

The Grand Principality of Moscow, before 1389 the Principality of Moscow, also known by the exonym Muscovy, was a late medieval Russian monarchy.

Goryeo was a Korean state founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until the establishment of Joseon in 1392.

The Ghurid dynasty was a culturally Persianate dynasty of eastern Iranian Tajik origin, which ruled from the 8th-century in the region of Ghor, and became an Empire from 1175 to 1215.

The Jin dynasty, officially the Great Jin, was a Jurchen-led imperial dynasty of China and empire ruled by the Wanyan clan that existed between 1115 and 1234.

The world’s first industrial and economic revolution, inventing paper banknotes, gunpowder weaponry, and the magnetic navigation compass.

The Ayyubid dynasty, also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin that founded the medieval Sultanate of Egypt, which was established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate.

The Ayyubid dynasty, also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin that founded the medieval Sultanate of Egypt, which was established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate.

The Almoravid dynasty was a Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco.

The Mamluk Sultanate, also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries, with Cairo as its capital.

The Blue Horde was a crucial component of the Mongol Empire established after Genghis Khan's demise in 1227.

The Khalji or Khilji dynasty was the second ruling house of the Delhi Sultanate, covering large parts of the Indian subcontinent for nearly three decades between 1290 and 1320.

The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans was a Turkoman, culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim tribal confederation.

While the Tibetan Plateau has been inhabited since pre-historic times, most of Tibet's history went unrecorded until the creation of Tibetan script in the 7th century.

The Novgorod Republic, formally known as Lord Novgorod the Great, was a city-state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries in northwestern Russia, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east.

The largest contiguous land empire in world history, uniting the entire Eurasian landmass from the Sea of Japan to the Danube River under the Pax Mongolica.

The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries.

Personal union between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Poland was achieved twice: under Louis I of Hungary, in 1370–1382, and under Władysław III of Poland in 1440–1444.

Mamluk Dynasty is mapped in the atlas for 1210 CE – 1293 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 1,344,819 km².

The Kalmar Union was a personal union in Scandinavia, agreed at Kalmar in Sweden as designed by Queen Margaret I of Denmark.

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located at the intersection of Central, Western, and Southern Europe.

The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806.

The Kingdom of Bohemia, or just Bohemia sometimes referenced in English literature as the Czech Kingdom, was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe.

The Zengid dynasty was a Turkoman Sunni Muslim dynasty in the Middle East.

The Ethiopian Empire, historically known as Abyssinia or simply Ethiopia, was a country that encompassed the present-day territories of Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Frederick II was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220, and King of Jerusalem from 1225 to 1228.

The Teutonic Order is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society c.

The Jagiellonian dynasty, also known as the House of Jagiellon or simply the Jagiellons, was a Polish cadet branch of the Lithuanian ducal dynasty of Gediminids.

The greatest maritime thalassocracy of the Indonesian archipelago, uniting over 98 tributary states across Nusantara through Prime Minister Gajah Mada’s Palapa Oath.

The Kara-Khanid Khanate, also known as the Karakhanids, Qarakhanids, Ilek Khanids or the Afrasiabids, was a Karluk Turkic khanate that ruled Central Asia from the 9th to the early 13th century.

The Almohad Caliphate or Almohad Empire was a North African Muslim empire ruled by a Berber dynasty from 1130 to 1269, which at its height controlled much of the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus).

Magnus Eriksson was King of Sweden from 1319 to 1364, King of Norway as Magnus VII from 1319 to 1355, and ruler of Scania from 1332 to 1360.

Haakon VI was King of Norway from 1343 until his death and King of Sweden between 1362 and 1364.

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 partitions of Poland–Lithuania.

The Marinid dynasty was a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled much of the Maghreb, chiefly present-day Morocco, from the mid-13th to the 15th century.

The Jalayirid Sultanate, also Ilka dynasty or Ilkanids, was a Mongol dynasty which ruled over modern-day Iraq and western Iran after the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 1330s.

Margaret I was queen regnant of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden from the late 1380s until her death, and the founder of the Kalmar Union that joined the Scandinavian kingdoms together for over a century.

The Anushtegin dynasty or Anushteginids, also known as the Khwarazmian dynasty was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin from the Bekdili clan of the Oghuz Turks.

The Jaffna Kingdom, also known as Kingdom of Aryachakravarti, was a historical kingdom of what today is northern Sri Lanka.

The Kart dynasty, also known as the Kartids, was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Tajik origin, closely related to the Ghurids, that ruled over a large part of Khorasan during the 13th and 14th centuries.

Personal union between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Poland was achieved twice: under Louis I of Hungary, in 1370–1382, and under Władysław III of Poland in 1440–1444.

The House of Habsburg, also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful dynasties in the history of Western civilization.

A thousand-year multi-ethnic confederation across Central Europe, bridging the legacy of Rome and Charlemagne with the Golden Bull electoral monarchy.

Crown of Castile is mapped in the atlas for 1236 CE – 1515 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 535,551 km².

Qara Qoyunlu is mapped in the atlas for 1375 CE – 1467 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 516,574 km².

Allegiance of Sultanate of Rum to Abbasid Caliphate is mapped in the atlas for 1202 CE – 1249 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 515,669 km².

The Adal Sultanate, also known as the Adal Empire or Barr Saʿad dīn, was a medieval Sunni Muslim empire which was located in the Horn of Africa.

The North Sea Empire, also known as the Anglo-Scandinavian Empire, was the personal union of the kingdoms of England, Denmark and Norway for most of the period between 1013 and 1042 towards the end of the Viking Age.

The Seuna, Sevuna, or Yadavas of Devagiri was a medieval Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled a realm stretching from the Narmada river in the north to the Tungabhadra river in the south, in the western part of the Deccan region.

The Bahmani Kingdom, or the Bahmani Sultanate, was a late medieval Persianate kingdom that ruled the Deccan Plateau in India.

The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946.

Sigismund of Luxembourg was Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in 1437.

The Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, known as the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia before 1253, and also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia or Kingdom of Rus', was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349.

The Ayutthaya Kingdom or the Empire of Ayutthaya was a Thai kingdom that existed in Southeast Asia from 1351 to 1767, centered around the city of Ayutthaya, in Siam, or present-day Thailand.

Margaret I was queen regnant of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden from the late 1380s until her death, and the founder of the Kalmar Union that joined the Scandinavian kingdoms together for over a century.

Angevin Empire is mapped in the atlas for 1147 CE – 1209 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 426,192 km².

The Sarbadars were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of the Mongol Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century.

The Sukhothai Kingdom was a post-classical Siamese kingdom (maṇḍala) in Mainland Southeast Asia centred on the ancient city of Sukhothai in present-day north-central Thailand.

The Shan States were a collection of Shan (Tai) principalities called möng whose rulers bore the title saopha (sawbwa).

The Kara-Khanid Khanate, also known as the Karakhanids, Qarakhanids, Ilek Khanids or the Afrasiabids, was a Karluk Turkic khanate that ruled Central Asia from the 9th to the early 13th century.

Denmark–Norway was a 16th-to-19th-century multi-national and multi-lingual real union consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway, the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein.

The Rasulid dynasty or Rasulids were a Sunni Yemeni dynasty who ruled Yemen from 1229 to 1454.

Lan Xang, also spelled Lan Sang, was a Lao kingdom that held the area of present-day Laos from 1353 to 1707.

Muzaffarids is mapped in the atlas for 1344 CE – 1394 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 369,514 km².

Sultanate of Rum is mapped in the atlas for 1094 CE – 1313 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 367,020 km².

The taifas were the independent Muslim principalities and kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, referred to by Muslims as al-Andalus, that emerged from the decline and fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba between 1009 and 1031.

The Bengal Sultanate was a late medieval sultanate based in the Bengal region in eastern South Asia between the 14th and 16th centuries.

The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad.

The Ashikaga shogunate , also known as the Muromachi shogunate , was the feudal military government of Japan during the Muromachi period from 1336 to 1573.

The Kamakura shogunate was the feudal military government of Japan during the Kamakura period from 1185 to 1333.

The Kenmu Restoration was a three-year period of Imperial rule in Japanese history between the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period from 1333 to 1336.

Wenceslaus II of Bohemia was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1305), and King of Poland (1296–1305).

The Second Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed between 1185 and 1396.

The Kakatiya dynasty was a Telugu dynasty that ruled most of eastern Deccan region in present-day India between 12th and 14th centuries.

The Principality of Chernigov or Chernihiv was one of the largest and most powerful states within Kievan Rus'.

The Sena dynasty, or the Senas, were a Hindu dynasty that succeeded the Pala Empire and ruled much of the eastern region of the Indian subcontinent from Bengal, during the early medieval period, through the 11th and 13th centuries.

Moldavia is a historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River.

The Grand Principality of Vladimir, before 1157 the Principality of Suzdal, commonly known as Vladimir-Suzdal, or simply Suzdalia, was a Russian principality.

The Crown of Aragon was a composite monarchy ruled by one king, originated by the dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona and ended as a consequence of the War of the Spanish Succession.

Nicaean Empire is mapped in the atlas for 1206 CE – 1278 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 242,675 km².

Makuria was a medieval Nubian kingdom in what is today northern Sudan and southern Egypt.

Joseon, officially Great Joseon State, was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years.

The Sultanate of Brunei or simply Brunei, also known as the Bruneian Empire, was a Malay sultanate centred around Brunei on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia.

The Lohara dynasty was a dynasty that ruled over Kashmir and surrounding regions in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent between 1003 and approximately 1175.

The last will and testament of the Piast duke Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland, established rules for governance of the Polish kingdom by his four surviving sons after his death.

The Hafsid dynasty was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berber descent that ruled Ifriqiya from 1229 to 1574.

Arab Iraq or Arabian Iraq was a historical geographical term used by medieval and early modern writers for the region of Iraq in Mesopotamia, often centered in Lower Mesopotamia.

The Pandya dynasty, also referred to as the Pandyas of Madurai, was an ancient Tamil dynasty of South India, and among the four great kingdoms of Tamilakam, the other three being the Pallavas, the Cholas and the Cheras.

Germiyan, or the Germiyanids, were a dynasty that controlled parts of western Anatolia from c.

The Gahadavala dynasty, also known as Gahadavalas of Kannauj, was a Rajput dynasty that ruled parts of the present-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, during 11th and 12th centuries.

There were two Danish attacks on Norman England.

The Najahid dynasty was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Abyssinian Mamluks that ruled parts of Yemen from 1022-1158 from its capital at Zabīd.

The Grand Principality of Vladimir, before 1157 the Principality of Suzdal, commonly known as Vladimir-Suzdal, or simply Suzdalia, was a Russian principality.

The House of Al-Nabhan, also known as the Nabhani dynasty or Nabhanids, is an Arab royal house that ruled Oman as hereditary kings (muluk) from 1154 until 1624, when the Yaruba dynasty took power.

The dominant Mesoamerican superpower of central Mexico, celebrated for the island metropolis of Tenochtitlan, chinampa agriculture, and astronomical calendrics.

The Chobanids or the Chupanids were descendants of a Mongol family of the Suldus clan that came to prominence in 14th century Persia.

The Eastern Ganga dynasty were a large medieval era dynasty that reigned from Kalinga from as early as the 5th century to the mid 20th century.

The Sosso Empire, also written as Soso or Susu, or alternatively Kaniaga, was a kingdom of West Africa that originated as a vassal of the Ghana Empire before breaking away and conquering their former overlords.

The Kashmir Sultanate, historically Latinised as the Sultanate of Cashmere, was a medieval kingdom primarily based in the Kashmir Valley, in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, between the early 14th and late 16th centuries.

The Norman Conquest of England was an 11th-century invasion by an army made up of thousands of Norman, French, Flemish, and Breton troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.

The Kingdom of Georgia, also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy that was founded in c.

The Myinsaing Kingdom also known as Myainsaing Regency was the regency that ruled central Burma (Myanmar) from 1297 to 1313.

The Pinya kingdom, also known as the Vijaia state (၀ိဇယတိုင်း) or Kingdom of Pinya, was the kingdom that ruled Central Myanmar (Burma) from 1313 to 1365.

The Ava Kingdom also known as Inwa Kingdom or Kingdom of Ava was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma (Myanmar) from 1365 to 1555.

The Teutonic Order is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society c.

The Lê dynasty, also known in historiography as the Later Lê dynasty, was the longest-ruling Vietnamese dynasty, having ruled Đại Việt from 1428 to 1789 with an interregnum between 1527 and 1533.

The Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, known as the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia before 1253, and also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia or Kingdom of Rus', was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349.

The Serbian Empire was a medieval Serbian state that emerged from the Kingdom of Serbia.

The Khanate of Kazan, also called the Kazan Khanate, was a Tatar state on the Middle Volga, in the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria, from the mid-15th century until 1552.

The Kingdom of Bohemia, or just Bohemia sometimes referenced in English literature as the Czech Kingdom, was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe.

The Duchy of Masovia was a district principality and a fiefdom of the Kingdom of Poland, existing during the Middle Ages.

The Hammadid dynasty, also known as the Hammadid Emirate or the Kingdom of Bejaia, was a medieval Islamic kingdom in the central Maghreb, encompassing what is now Algeria.

The Jaunpur Sultanate was a late medieval Indian Muslim state which ruled over much of what is now the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and southern Nepal between 1394 and 1494.

The Principality of Smolensk, also known as the Grand Principality of Smolensk, was a Russian principality with its capital in Smolensk.

The inner Principality of Kiev was a medieval principality centered on the city of Kiev.

Malaya is mapped in the atlas for 1294 CE – 1351 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 143,936 km².

The Duchy of Sandomierz was a district principality and a fiefdom of the Kingdom of Poland.

Polotsk, or Polatsk, is a town in Vitebsk Region, Belarus.

The Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, known as the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia before 1253, and also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia or Kingdom of Rus', was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349.

The Kingdom of Kongo was a kingdom in Central Africa.

The Zayyanid dynasty or Ziyanids or Abd al-Wadids was a Berber Zenata dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen, mainly in modern Algeria centered on the town of Tlemcen in northwest Algeria.

The Samma dynasty was a medieval Sindhi Muslim dynasty based in Sindh.

The Duchy of Silesia with its capital at Wrocław was a medieval provincial duchy of Poland located in the region of Silesia.

The Sultanate of Ifat, known as Wafāt or Awfāt in Arabic texts, or the Kingdom of Zeila was a medieval Sunni Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century.

The Duchy of Burgundy was a medieval and early modern feudal polity in north-western regions of historical Burgundy.

The Duchy of Greater Poland was a district principality that encompassed much of the historical region of Greater Poland, with a territory roughly corresponding to the present-day Greater Poland Voivodeship in west-central Poland.

Livonian is a Finnic language that originated on the Livonian Coast of the Gulf of Riga, located in the north of the Kurzeme peninsula in Latvia but also used to be spoken in the Salaca River valley.

The Zirid dynasty, also known as the Banu Ziri, was a Sanhaja Berber dynasty from what is now Algeria which ruled the central Maghreb from 972 to 1014 and Ifriqiya from 972 to 1148.

The Hoysala Kingdom was a prominent South Indian dynasty that ruled most of what is now Karnataka, as well as parts of Tamil Nadu and southwestern Telangana, between the 11th and 14th centuries CE.

The Despotate of Epirus was one of the Greek rump states of the Byzantine Empire established in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 by a branch of the Angelos dynasty, the Komnenodoukas dynasty.

The Taifa of Badajoz was a medieval Islamic Moorish kingdom located in what is now parts of Portugal and Spain.

The Principality of Galicia, also known as the Principality of Halych or Principality of Halychian Rus', was a medieval East Slavic principality and one of the main regional states within the political framework of Kievan Rus'.

The Kingdom of Serbia was a monarchy located in Southeastern Europe which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882.

The Kingdom of Mrauk-U was a kingdom that existed on the Arakan coastal plain from 1429 to 1785.

The Kingdom of Aragon was a medieval and early modern kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain.

The Karamanids, were a Turkish sultanate founded by Karamanlu clan descended from the Oghuz Turks and originating from Salur tribe.

The Principality of Minsk was an appanage principality of the Principality of Polotsk and centered on the city of Minsk.

The Sagaing kingdom, classical pali name Jeyyapura, was a small kingdom ruled by a junior branch of the Myinsaing dynasty from 1315 to 1365.

Chimor was the political grouping of the Chimú culture.

The Duchy of Bavaria was a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom from the sixth through the eighth century.

The Duchy of Opole was one of the duchies of Silesia ruled by the branch of Polish Piast dynasty, formed during the medieval fragmentation of Poland into provincial duchies.

The Principality of Pereyaslavl was a regional principality of Kievan Rus' from the end of 9th century until 1323, based in the city of Pereyaslavl on the river Trubizh.

The Latin Empire, also referred to as the Latin Empire of Constantinople or the Constantinopolitan Empire, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire.

The Taifa of Seville was an Arab kingdom which was ruled by the Abbadid dynasty.

The Kingdom of Scotland was a sovereign state in northwest Europe, traditionally said to have been founded in 843.

The Kingdom of Sicily was a state that existed in Sicily and the southern Italian Peninsula as well as, for a time, in North Africa, from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816.

The Taifa of Toledo was an Islamic polity (taifa) located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula in the High Middle Ages.

The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451 for 37 years.

The Injuids, also Injus or House of Inju, were an Iranian dynasty of Persian origin that came to rule over the cities of Shiraz and Isfahan during the 14th century.

The Danishmendids or Danishmends were a Turkish dynasty.

The Mahdids were a dynasty in Yemen who briefly held power in the period between 1159 and 1174.

The Principality of Volhynia was a western Kievan Rus' principality founded by the Rurikid prince Vsevolod in 987 centered in the region of Volhynia, straddling the borders of modern-day Ukraine, Belarus, and Poland.

Kahuripan was an 11th-century Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom with its capital located around the estuarine of Brantas River valley in East Java.

The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806.

The Norman conquest of southern Italy lasted from 999 to 1194, involving many battles and independent conquerors.

The Lanna Kingdom, also spelled Lan Na, was a kingdom centered in present-day Northern Thailand which existed from the 13th to 18th centuries.

The Hanthawaddy Kingdom, classical name Ham̥sāvatī, was the major polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and briefly from 1550 to 1552, before serving as the imperial capital of the Burmese Toungoo dynasty.

Singhasari, also known as Tumapel, was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom located in east Java between 1222 and 1292.

The Taifa of Murcia was an Arab taifa of medieval Al-Andalus, in what is now southern Spain.

The Sulayhid dynasty was an Ismaili Shi'ite Arab dynasty established in 1047 by Ali ibn Muhammad al-Sulayhi that ruled most of historical Yemen at its peak.

Wallachia is a geographical region of modern-day Romania, as well as one of the two historical Romanian principalities that laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern Romanian state.

Michoacán, formally Michoacán de Ocampo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Michoacán de Ocampo, is one of the 31 states which, together with Mexico City, compose the Federal Entities of Mexico.

Takrur, Tekrur, or Tekrour was a state based in the Senegal River in modern-day Senegal which was at its height in the 11th and 12th centuries, roughly parallel to the Ghana Empire.

The House of Bourbon is a dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France as a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France.

Al-Ahsa Oasis, also known as al-Ḥasāʾ (الْحَسَا) or Hajar (هَجَر), is an oasis and historical region in eastern Saudi Arabia.

The Uyunid dynasty were an Arab dynasty that ruled Eastern Arabia for 163 years, from the 11th to the 13th centuries.

Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia.

The Kingdom of Polonnaruwa was the Sinhalese kingdom that expanded across the island of Sri Lanka from 1070 until 1232.

Kediri Kingdom or Kadiri, also known as Panjalu, was a Hindu-Buddhist Javanese kingdom based in East Java from 1042 until 1222.

The term Albanian Principalities refers to a number of principalities created in the Middle Ages in Albania and the surrounding regions in the western Balkans that were ruled by Albanian nobility.

The Principality of Turov, later called the Principality of Turov and Pinsk, also known as Turovian Rus', was a medieval principality of Kievan Rus' from the 10th century on the territory of modern-day Belarus and northern Ukraine.

The Kingdom of Naples, officially the Kingdom of Sicily citra Pharum or "on this side of the lighthouse", was a state that ruled the part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816.

The order of Livonian Brothers of the Sword or Sword Brethren, formally known as the Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a Catholic military order of German crusading knights established in 1202 in Livonia by Albert, the third bishop of Riga.

The Principality of Ryazan, later known as the Grand Principality of Ryazan, was a Russian principality from 1129 to 1521.

The House of Valois-Anjou was a noble French family and a cadet branch of the House of Valois.

The Principality of Peremyshl was a medieval principality centered on Peremyshl, and encompassing the Przemyśl Land, in the historical region of Red Rus'.

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia is mapped in the atlas for 1099 CE – 1374 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 59,705 km².

The Capetian House of Anjou, or House of Anjou-Sicily, was a royal house and cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty.

The Hamidids was one of the Turkish beyliks in Anatolia during the 14th century.

The Principality of Terebovlia was a principality of Kievan Rus' established as an appanage around the year 1084 and given to Vasylko Rostyslavych.

The Kingdom of Jerusalem, also known as the Crusader Kingdom, was one of the Crusader states established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade.

The Taifa of Valencia was a medieval Muslim kingdom which existed in and around Valencia, Spain.

The Kingdom of Bosnia, or Bosnian Kingdom, was a medieval kingdom that lasted for nearly a century, from 1377 to 1463, and evolved out of the Banate of Bosnia, which itself lasted from at least 1154.

The Hohenstaufen dynasty, also known as the Staufer, was a noble family of German origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254.

Duklja was a medieval South Slavic state which roughly encompassed the territories of modern-day southeastern Montenegro, from the Bay of Kotor in the west to the Bojana river in the east, and to the sources of the Zeta and Morača rivers in the north.

Beylik of Isfendiyar is mapped in the atlas for 1305 CE – 1462 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 49,106 km².

The Banate of Bosnia, or Bosnian Banate, was a medieval state located in what is today Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The taifa of Dénia was an Islamic kingdom in medieval Spain, ruling over part of the Valencian coast and Ibiza.

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located at the intersection of Central, Western, and Southern Europe.

The County of Portugal refers to two successive medieval counties in the region around Guimarães and Porto, today corresponding to litoral northern Portugal, within which the identity of the Portuguese people formed.

The County of Foix was a medieval fief in southern France, and later a province of France, whose territory corresponded roughly the eastern part of the modern département of Ariège.

The Northern Fujiwara were a Japanese noble family that ruled the Tōhoku region of Japan during the 12th century, 1094–1104, as their own realm.

The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806.

The Duchy of Milan was a state in Northern Italy, created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti family, which had ruled the city since 1277.

The County of Edessa was a 12th-century Crusader state in Upper Mesopotamia.

The Kingdom of Africa was an extension of the frontier zone of the Kingdom of Sicily in the former Roman province of Africa, corresponding to Tunisia and parts of Algeria and Libya today.

The taifa of Zaragoza was an independent Arab Muslim state in the east of Al-Andalus with its capital in Saraqusta (Zaragoza) city.

The County of Savoy was a feudal state of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged, along with the free communes of Switzerland, from the collapse of the Kingdom of Burgundy in the 11th century.

The Electorate of Saxony, 1356 to 1806, was an Electorate of the Holy Roman Empire.

The House of Ascania is a reigning family historically documented since the 11th century.

The world’s first industrial and economic revolution, inventing paper banknotes, gunpowder weaponry, and the magnetic navigation compass.

The Principality of Turov, later called the Principality of Turov and Pinsk, also known as Turovian Rus', was a medieval principality of Kievan Rus' from the 10th century on the territory of modern-day Belarus and northern Ukraine.

The Kingdom of Janggala is one of the two Javanese kingdoms that was formed when Airlangga abdicated his throne in favour of his two sons in 1045.

The Principality of Vitebsk was a Ruthenian principality centered on the city of Vitebsk in modern Belarus, that existed from its founding in 1101 until it was nominally inherited into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1320.

Kastamonu is a city in northern Turkey. It is the seat of Kastamonu Province and Kastamonu District.

The Empire of Trebizond or the Trapezuntine Empire was one of the three Byzantine rump states of the Byzantine Empire that existed during the 13th through to the 15th century.

The Kingdom of Thessalonica was a short-lived Crusader State established as a vassal of the Latin Empire following the Fourth Crusade.

The Emirate of Granada, also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, was an Islamic polity in the southern Iberian Peninsula during the Late Middle Ages, ruled by the Arab Nasrid dynasty.

The Capetian House of Anjou, or House of Anjou-Sicily, was a royal house and cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty.

The Beylik of Dulkadir was one of the Turkish Anatolian beyliks (principality) established by the Oghuz Turk clans Bayat, Afshar, and Begdili after the decline of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm.

The Anatolian beylik of Teke, was one of the frontier principalities established by Oghuz Turkish clans after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm.

The Karasids were a Turkoman dynasty that ruled the region of Mysia in northwestern Anatolia during the first half of the 14th century.

The Serbian Despotate was a medieval Serbian state in the first half of the 15th century.

The Principality of Turov, later called the Principality of Turov and Pinsk, also known as Turovian Rus', was a medieval principality of Kievan Rus' from the 10th century on the territory of modern-day Belarus and northern Ukraine.

Pomerania is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Poland and Germany.

The Grand Principality of Serbia, also known by the anachronistic exonym Rascia, was a medieval Serbian state that existed from the second half of the 11th century up until 1217, when it was transformed into the Kingdom of Serbia.

The foremost maritime naval superpower of medieval Asia, dominating South India and dispatching trans-oceanic naval armadas to Srivijaya (Indonesia/Malaysia).

Duklja was a medieval South Slavic state which roughly encompassed the territories of modern-day southeastern Montenegro, from the Bay of Kotor in the west to the Bojana river in the east, and to the sources of the Zeta and Morača rivers in the north.

The Republic of Genoa was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast.

The Republic of Pisa was an independent state existing from the 11th to the 15th century, centered on the Tuscan city of Pisa.

The Grand Duchy of Kraków was created after the incorporation of the Free City of Cracow into Austria on 16 November 1846.

Angevins is mapped in the atlas for 1126 CE – 1146 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 26,690 km².

The Norse settlement of North America, including Greenland, began in the late 10th century AD and lasted for about 500 years.

The Taifa of Granada or Zirid Kingdom of Granada was a Muslim kingdom that was formed in al-Andalus in 1013 following the deposition of Umayyad Caliph Hisham II in 1009.

The Ramadanid Emirate was a Turkish autonomous administration and a de facto independent emirate that existed from 1352 to 1608 in Cilicia, taking over the rule of the region from the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.

Syrmia is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers.

The County of Poitou was a historical region of France, consisting of the three sub-regions of Vendée, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne.

The County of Armagnac, situated between the Adour and Garonne rivers in the lower foothills of the Pyrenees, was a historic county of the Duchy of Gascony, established in 601 in Aquitaine.

The Principality of Jersika was a medieval Latgalian principality in the east of modern-day Latvia, and one of the largest medieval states in Latvia before the Northern Crusades.

The Landgraviate of Brabant was a small imperial fiefdom west of Brussels, consisting of the area between the Dender and Zenne rivers in the Low Countries, then part of the Holy Roman Empire.

The Margraviate of Moravia was one of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman Empire, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, existing from 1182 to 1918.

The Jaffna Kingdom, also known as Kingdom of Aryachakravarti, was a historical kingdom of what today is northern Sri Lanka.

The Pskov Republic, formally known as Lord Pskov, was a city-state in northwestern Russia.

The Free County of Burgundy ; French: Franche Comté de Bourgogne; German: Freigrafschaft Burgund) was a medieval and early modern feudal polity ruled by a count from 982 to 1678.

The Kingdom of Navarre, originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a historical Iberian polity which occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost areas originally reaching the Atlantic Ocean, between present-day Spain and France.

The Empire of Thessalonica is a historiographic term used by some modern scholars to refer to the short-lived Greek state centred on the city of Thessalonica between 1224 and 1246 and ruled by the Komnenodoukas dynasty of the Despotate of Epirus.

The Despotate of Dobruja or Principality of Karvuna was a 14th-century quasi-independent Bulgarian polity in the region of modern Dobruja, that split off from the Second Bulgarian Empire under the influence of the Byzantine Empire.

The Taifa of Almería was a Muslim medieval Arab kingdom located in what is now the province of Almería in Spain.

Auvergne is a cultural region in central France.

Earl of Desmond is a title of nobility created by the English monarch in the peerage of Ireland.

The Kanem–Bornu Empire was an empire based around Lake Chad that once ruled areas which are now part of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, and Chad.

The Republic of Florence, also known as the Florentine Republic, was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Florence in Tuscany.

The Principality of Drutsk was a small appanage of the Principality of Polotsk, centred in the city of Drutsk.

The Principality of Achaea or Principality of Morea was one of the vassal states of the Latin Empire, which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade.

The Kedah Sultanate is a Muslim dynasty located in the Malay Peninsula.

House of Wittelsbach is mapped in the atlas for 1260 CE – 1332 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 18,230 km².

The County of Périgord was a historical region of France.

The Duchy of Lorraine, initially also known as the Duchy of Upper Lorraine, was a duchy of the Holy Roman Empire which existed from the 10th century until 1766, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of France.

The Electorate of Trier was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the end of the 9th to the early 19th century.

The Tsardom of Vidin was a medieval Bulgarian state centred in the city of Vidin from 1369–1396.

The Duchy of Styria was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia.

The Duchy of Głogów or Duchy of Glogau was one of the Duchies of Silesia, formed in course of the medieval fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies.

The Principality of Antioch was one of the Crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of Anatolia and Syria.

The Taifa of Córdoba was an Arab taifa which was ruled by the Banu Jahwar that replaced the Umayyad Caliph as the government of Córdoba and its vicinity in 1031.

The County of Nevers was a county in central France.

The Kingdom of the Isles was a Norse–Gaelic kingdom comprising the Isle of Man, the Hebrides and the islands of the Clyde from the 9th to the 13th centuries.

The Sarukhanids or Sarukhanid dynasty, also known as the Principality of Saruhan and Beylik of Saruhan, was one of the Turkish Anatolian beyliks (principality), centered in Manisa.

Thessaly is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name.

Christopher II was King of Denmark from 1320 to 1326 and again from 1329 until his death.

Beylik of Sinop is mapped in the atlas for 1305 CE – 1332 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 13,622 km².

The Kingdom of Majorca was an insular realm off the east coast of modern day Spain, which included the islands of Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera.

The Eshrefids or Ashrafids was a 13th-14th century Turkish Anatolian beylik.

The Kingdom of Cyprus was a medieval kingdom of the Crusader states that existed between 1192 and 1489.

The Duchy of Silesia with its capital at Wrocław was a medieval provincial duchy of Poland located in the region of Silesia.

The County of Holland was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from its inception until 1433.

The Taifa of Carmona was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom.

The Despotate of Arta was a despotate established by Albanian rulers during the 14th century, after the defeat of the local Despot of Epirus, Nikephoros II Orsini, by Albanian tribesmen in the Battle of Achelous in 1359.

Touraine is one of the traditional provinces of France.

The Catalan Company or the Great Catalan Company was a company of mercenaries led by Roger de Flor in the early 14th century and hired by Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos to combat the increasing power of the Anatolian beyliks.

The Duchy of Luxembourg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, the ancestral homeland of the noble House of Luxembourg.

The House of Luxembourg or Luxembourg dynasty was a royal family of the Holy Roman Empire in the Late Middle Ages, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as kings of Germany and Holy Roman emperors as well as kings of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia.

The Taifa of Tortosa was a medieval Islamic taifa kingdom.

The Principality of Beloozero was a Russian principality which flourished between the 13th and 15th centuries in the Russian North.

The Dauphiné, traditionally known in English as Dauphiny, is a former province in southeastern France during the Ancien régime, whose area roughly corresponded to that of the present-day departments of Isère, Drôme and Hautes-Alpes.

The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an episcopal see and ecclesiastical province in northeastern Italy, originally centered in the ancient city of Aquileia, situated near the northern coast of the Adriatic Sea.

The Taifa of Albarracín was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom.

The Duchy of Athens was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of the process known as Frankokratia, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia.

Łęczyca Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from the 14th century until the partitions of Poland in 1772–1795.

Cusco or Cuzco is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Sacred Valley of the Andes mountain range, and the Huatanay and Urubamba rivers.

Puebloans - Aztec Regional System is mapped in the atlas for 1152 CE – 1304 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 8,739 km².

The Taifa of Algeciras was a medieval Muslim taifa kingdom in what is now southern Spain and Gibraltar, that existed from 1035 to 1058.

The Samudera Pasai Sultanate, also known as Samudera or Pasai or Samudera Darussalam or Pacem, was a Muslim kingdom on the north coast of Sumatra from the 13th to the 16th centuries.

The Aydinids or Aydinid dynasty, also known as the Principality of Aydin and Beylik of Aydin, was one of the Turkoman Anatolian beyliks and famous for its seaborne raiding.

The County of Artois was a historic province of the Kingdom of France, held by the Dukes of Burgundy from 1384 until 1477/82, and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1493 until 1659.

Tver is a city and the administrative centre of Tver Oblast, Russia.

Duchy of Kuyavia is mapped in the atlas for 1188 CE – 1205 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 6,844 km².

The County of Tripoli (1102–1289) was one of the Crusader states.

The Taifa of Silves was an Arab taifa kingdom that existed in what is now southern Portugal for two distinct periods: from 1027 to 1063, and again from 1145 to 1150, when it was finally conquered by the Almohad Caliphate.

Principality of Valona and Kanina is mapped in the atlas for 1395 CE – 1421 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 6,060 km².

The Kingdom of the Isles was a Norse–Gaelic kingdom comprising the Isle of Man, the Hebrides and the islands of the Clyde from the 9th to the 13th centuries.

Menteshe was the first of the Turkish Anatolian beyliks (principality), the frontier principalities established by the Oghuz Turks after the decline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum.

The Kampili kingdom was a short-lived Hindu kingdom in the 14th century CE in South India.

Nizhny Novgorod, colloquially shortened to Nizhny and from 1932 to 1990 known as Gorky, is the administrative centre and largest city of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, and the administrative centre of the Volga Federal District, in Russia.

The Phayao Kingdom, also known as Phukamyao, is a Tai kingdom centred around the city of Phayao from around the 11th-14th century AD.

The Kingdom of Dambadeniya was a medieval Sinhalese kingdom in what is present-day Sri Lanka.

The Duchy of Legnica or Duchy of Liegnitz was one of the Duchies of Silesia, formed during the fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies, ruled by a local line of the Piast dynasty between 1248 and 1675.

The Taifa of Arcos was a Berber medieval taifa kingdom that existed in two periods; first from 1011 to 1068.

Tondo, also popularly known referred to as the Kingdom of Tondo, was a Tagalog and Kapampangan settlement which served as a major trade hub located on the northern part of the Pasig River delta on Luzon Island.

The Taifa of Saltés and Huelva was a medieval Arab taifa kingdom that existed in southern Iberia from around 1012 to 1051.

The Ahi Brotherhood, referred to as Ahi Republic in modern historiography, was a brotherhood union by Ahi Evran in Anatolia in the 13th and 14th centuries.

Béarn is one of the traditional provinces of France, located in the Pyrenees mountains and in the plain at their feet, in Southwestern France.

Duchy of Jawor was one of the duchies of Silesia and medieval Poland established in 1274 as a subdivision of the Duchy of Legnica.

Duchy of Racibórz was one of the duchies of Silesia, formed during the medieval fragmentation of Poland into provincial duchies.

The Zurayʿid dynasty, were a Banu Hamdan ruling dynasty based in Yemen in the time between 1083 and 1174.

Southern Powys or Powys Wenwynwyn, was a Welsh lordship which existed during the high Middle Ages.

Pallars Sobirà is a comarca (county) in the northwest region of Alt Pirineu, in Catalonia, Spain.

The Taifa of Alpuente was a medieval taifa kingdom, of Berber origin, that existed from around 1009 to 1106 created following the end of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the Iberian Peninsula in 1010.

The Duchy of Kalisz was a feudal district duchy in Greater Poland, with its territorial and administrative core in the Kalisz Land — the region surrounding the city of Kalisz.

Texcoco is mapped in the atlas for 1202 CE – 1428 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 2,632 km².

The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 until 1872, when it was reorganized as the Ryukyu Domain, before being fully abolished in 1879.

The Comtat Venaissin, often called the Comtat for short, was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791, in what is now the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southern France.

Tenochtitlan, also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican altepetl in what is now the historic center of Mexico City.

The Earldom of Ulster was an Anglo-Norman lordship in north-eastern Ireland during the Middle Ages, ruled by the Earls of Ulster and part of the Lordship of Ireland.

The Principality of Koknese was a small vassal state of the Principality of Polotsk on the right bank of the Daugava River in ancient Livonia during the Middle Ages.

The Taifa of Santa Maria do Algarve was a medieval Islamic taifa Moorish kingdom or emirate located in what is now southern Portugal, that existed from 1018 to 1051.

The Taifa of Tejada was a medieval Islamic taifa kingdom in al-Andalus during the second taifa period.

The County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos existed from 1185 to 1479 as part of the Kingdom of Sicily.

The Shunten dynasty (舜天王統) was the second dynasty in the traditional historiography of Okinawa Island.

Negroponte is mapped in the atlas for 1206 CE – 1209 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 2,178 km².

Rhodes is the largest of Greece's Dodecanese islands and their historical capital, as well as the ninth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

Chūzan was one of three kingdoms which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century.

The Duchy of Bytom was a duchy in Upper Silesia, one of the Silesian duchies of fragmented Piast-ruled Poland.

Thessaloniki is the capital and largest city of the administrative region of Central Macedonia, and the second-largest city in Greece.

Pallars Jussà is a comarca (county) in Alt Pirineu, Catalonia, Spain.

The Taifa of Niebla was an Arab taifa kingdom that existed during three distinct time periods: from 1023 to 1053, from 1145 to 1150 and from 1234 to 1262.

The Republic of Ragusa was an aristocratic maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik in South Dalmatia in Southern Europe.

The Taifa of Ceuta was one of the taifa states formed after the breakup of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the early 11th century.

The Principality of Theodoro, also known as Gothia (Γοτθία) or the Principality of Theodoro-Mangup, was a former Roman principality in the southern part of Crimea, specifically on the foothills of the Crimean Mountains.

Northern Powys or Powys Fadog, was the northern portion of the Kingdom of Powys following that kingdom's dissolution in 1160.

The Taifa of Morón was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom that existed from around 1010 to 1066.

Hokuzan , also known as Sanhoku before the 18th century, located in the north of Okinawa Island, was one of three independent political entities which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century during Sanzan period.

Duchy of the Archipelago is mapped in the atlas for 1210 CE – 1313 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 1,233 km².

The Taifa of Ronda was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom centered in Moorish al-Andalus in what is now southern Spain.

Namayan, also called Sapa and sometimes Lamayan, was an independent polity on the banks of the Pasig River in the Philippines.

The County of Empúries, also known as the County of Ampurias, was a medieval county centred on the town of Empúries and enclosing the Catalan region of Peralada.

Principality of Valona is mapped in the atlas for 1333 CE – 1374 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 774 km².

The Isle of Man, also known simply as Man or Mann, is a self-governing British Crown Dependency in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland.

Kathmandu is the capital and largest city of Nepal, situated in the central part of the country within the Kathmandu Valley.

The Kingdom of Singapura was a Malay polity believed to have been founded as a Hindu–Buddhist kingdom during the early history of Singapore on the island of Temasek, lasting from 1299 until its decline and fall between 1396 and 1398.

The County of Boulogne was a county within the Kingdom of France during the 9th to 15th centuries, centred on the city of Boulogne-sur-Mer.

Nanzan , also known as Sannan before the 18th century, located in the south of Okinawa Island, was one of three independent political entities which controlled Okinawa in the 14th century.

The name Cumania originated as the Latin exonym for the Cuman–Kipchak confederation, which was a tribal confederation in the western part of the Eurasian Steppe, between the 10th and 13th centuries.

The Principality of Orange was, from 1163 to 1713, a feudal state in Provence, in the south of modern-day France, on the east bank of the river Rhone, north of the city of Avignon, and surrounded by the independent papal state of Comtat Venaissin.