White Horde: Map & History
The White Horde, or more appropriately, the left wing of the Jochid ulus, was one of the uluses within the Mongol Empire formed around 1225, after the death of Jochi when his son, Orda, inherited his father's appanage by the Jaxartes.
Wikipedia Encyclopedic Compendium
Historiographical synthesis & structured realm registry
The White Horde, or more appropriately, the left wing of the Jochid ulus, was one of the uluses within the Mongol Empire formed around 1225, after the death of Jochi when his son, Orda, inherited his father's appanage by the Jaxartes. It was the eastern constituent part of the Golden Horde alongside the Blue Horde to the west.
Modern Countries Once Part of White Horde
At its mapped extent, White Horde covered territory in 4 present-day countries. The period shown is when the mapped borders include that country, and the note says how much of it.
- Kazakhstan1363–1384 CE · most
- Turkmenistan1363–1384 CE · a small part
- Uzbekistan1363–1384 CE · a small part
- Russia1363–1384 CE · a small part
States and Provinces
- Aqmola, Kazakhstan
- East Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan
- Qaraghandy, Kazakhstan
- Qostanay, Kazakhstan
- Altay, Russia
- Qyzylorda, Kazakhstan
- Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan
- Omsk, Russia
- Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
- Mangghystau, Kazakhstan
- North Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan
- Novosibirsk, Russia
- Aqtöbe, Kazakhstan
- Orenburg, Russia
- Balkan, Turkmenistan
Largest Present-Day Cities in Its Territory
Each opens on the live map inside White Horde's borders of that time.
Derived by testing mapped cities against this polity's dated territorial polygons, so the list is indicative and follows the borders in the source dataset.
White Horde in Depth
History
Because Orda and his descendants ruled the left division of the Golden Horde, they were called Princes of the left wing or of the left hand. Initially it covered the western part of the territory ruled by the Jochids and included western Central Asia and south-western Siberia. The capital of the White Horde was originally at Lake Balkhash, but later moved to Sygnaq, Kazakhstan on the Syr-Darya River.
When Batu Khan sent a large Jochid delegation to Hulegu's campaign in the Middle East, it included a strong contingent under Kuli, a son of Orda. However, suspicious deaths of the latter and other Jochid princes (c.1259) angered the rulers of the Golden Horde. During the succession war between Kublai and Arik Boke from 1260 to 1264, the White Horde elites supported the latter.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: White Horde (CC BY-SA 4.0).
White Horde: Key Facts
| Founded | 1227 |
|---|---|
| Dissolved | 15th century |
Facts from Wikidata Q2553863 (CC0).
White Horde Timeline
Key historical inflections from foundation to peak territorial expansion
Expansion to peak recorded area of 2,518,409 km² in 1380 CE.
White Horde: Frequently Asked Questions
When did White Horde exist?
White Horde is dated to 1363 CE – 1384 CE, in the High & Late Middle Ages era.
How large was White Horde at its peak?
At its peak in 1380 AD White Horde covered about 2,518,409 km².
Other Sovereign Realms
High & Late Middle Ages • Capital: Avarga
Early Modern & Age of Discovery • Capital: Söğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Constantinople
High & Late Middle Ages • Capital: Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram
Early Modern & Age of Discovery • Capital: Agra, Fatehpur Sikri, Lahore, Delhi