Khedivate of Egypt: Map & History
The Khedivate of Egypt was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire established and ruled by members of the dynasty of Muhammad Ali.
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The Khedivate of Egypt was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire established and ruled by members of the dynasty of Muhammad Ali. Following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon's forces from Egypt in 1801, Muhammad Ali and his successors had already ruled Ottoman Egypt with a significant degree of autonomy. In 1867, the Ottoman sultan granted Muhammad Ali's grandson, Isma'il Pasha, the title of Khedive along with near-total autonomy over internal affairs, certain diplomatic privileges, and the order of succession.
Modern Countries Once Part of Khedivate of Egypt
At its mapped extent, Khedivate of Egypt covered territory in 5 present-day countries. The period shown is when the mapped borders include that country, and the note says how much of it.
- Sudan1866–1884 CE · nearly all
- Egypt1866–1884 CE · most
- South Sudan1877–1884 CE · most
- Uganda1877–1884 CE · a small part
- Ethiopia1877–1884 CE · a small part
States and Provinces
Largest Present-Day Cities in Its Territory
Each opens on the live map inside Khedivate of Egypt's borders of that time.
Derived by testing mapped cities against this polity's dated territorial polygons, so the list is indicative and follows the borders in the source dataset.
Khedivate of Egypt in Depth
History
Ottoman Egypt was invaded by the French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798. The French army in the region was later defeated and surrendered in 1801. In the chaotic years that followed, an Ottoman officer named Muhammad Ali rose to power and was recognized as Ottoman governor of Egypt from 1805 to 1848. During this time, he eliminated other factions that competed for power in Egypt, most notably with the massacre of the Mamluks in 1811. He established de facto autonomy from the Ottoman sultan and in various campaigns expanded his control to Sudan, the Arabian Peninsula, and Syria By 1841 he was forced to withdraw from Syria and recognize the authority of the Ottoman Empire, but he retained control of his Sudanese territories.
Economy
During the Khedivate, the standard form of Egyptian currency was the Egyptian pound. Because of the gradual European domination of the Egyptian economy, the Khedivate adopted the gold standard in 1885.
Although the adoption of modern, Western industrial techniques was begun under Muhammad Ali in the early 19th century, the policy was continued under the Khedives.
Machines were imported into Egypt and by the abolition of the Khedivate in 1914, the textile industry had become the most prominent one in the nation.
Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Khedivate of Egypt (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Khedivate of Egypt: Key Facts
| Capital | Cairo |
|---|---|
| Official languages | Egyptian Arabic, Ottoman Turkish |
| Form of government | constitutional monarchy |
| Currency | Egyptian pound |
| Founded | 8 June 1867 |
| Dissolved | 19 December 1914 |
Preceded by
- Egypt eyalet
Succeeded by
- Sultanate of Egypt
- Mahdist Sudan
- Italian Libya
Facts from Wikidata Q127861 (CC0).
Khedivate of Egypt Timeline
Key historical inflections from foundation to peak territorial expansion
Expansion to peak recorded area of 3,002,651 km² in 1882 CE.
Khedivate of Egypt: Frequently Asked Questions
When did Khedivate of Egypt exist?
Khedivate of Egypt is dated to 1866 CE – 1884 CE, in the Industrial era.
What was the capital of Khedivate of Egypt?
The capital of Khedivate of Egypt was Cairo.
How large was Khedivate of Egypt at its peak?
At its peak in 1882 Khedivate of Egypt covered about 3,002,651 km².
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