From ancient Sumerian city-states and Egypt to Rome, the Pax Mongolica, dynastic China, and global colonial realms, explore the territorial boundaries, administrative centers, and civilizational achievements of humanity’s historical sovereign polities.
The Sunda Kingdom was a Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 932 AD to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, Lampung, and the western part of Central Java.
The Zaporozhian Cossacks or Zaporizhian Cossacks, also known as the Zaporozhian Cossack Army or the Zaporozhian Host, were Cossacks who lived beyond the Dnieper Rapids.
The Northern Liang was a dynastic state of China and one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese history.
The Duchy of Spoleto was a duchy in central Italy that existed from the late 6th century until the early 13th century.
The Duchy of Burgundy was a medieval and early modern feudal polity in north-western regions of historical Burgundy.
The Goths were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe.
Benin, officially the Republic of Benin, formerly known as Dahomey, is a country in West Africa.
The Kingdom of Burgundy, also known as the Kingdom of Arles, was a realm established in 933 by the unification of Lower Burgundy with the Upper Burgundy.
Perdiccas was a Macedonian general and bodyguard (somatophylax) of Alexander the Great, and the regent of Alexander's empire after his death.
The Duchy of Greater Poland was a district principality that encompassed much of the historical region of Greater Poland, with a territory roughly corresponding to the present-day Greater Poland Voivodeship in west-central Poland.
Kapisa is mapped in the atlas for 1475 CE – 1506 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 116,849 km².
Livonian is a Finnic language that originated on the Livonian Coast of the Gulf of Riga, located in the north of the Kurzeme peninsula in Latvia but also used to be spoken in the Salaca River valley.
Cyrenaica or Kyrenaika, is the eastern region of Libya.
The Pyu city-states were a group of city-states that existed from about the 2nd century BCE to the mid-11th century in present-day Upper Myanmar.
Yan, known in historiography as the Western Yan was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Xianbei ethnicity.
The Nawab of Awadh or Nawab of Oudh was the title of the rulers of Kingdom of Awadh in northern India during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America.
The Zirid dynasty, also known as the Banu Ziri, was a Sanhaja Berber dynasty from what is now Algeria which ruled the central Maghreb from 972 to 1014 and Ifriqiya from 972 to 1148.
Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe.
Shirvan is a historical Iranian region in the eastern Caucasus, as known both during the pre-Islamic Sasanian Era and the early Islamic period.
The state of Jin was a confederacy of statelets which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula from the 4th to 2nd centuries BCE, bordering the Korean Kingdom of Old Chosŏn (Gojoseon) to the north.
The Lunda Empire or Lunda Commonwealth was a confederation or commonwealth of states in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo, north-eastern Angola, and north-western Zambia.
The Icelandic Commonwealth, also known as the Icelandic Free State, was the political unit existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king with the Old Covenant in 1262.
The Kingdom of Iceland was an associated state of Denmark and kingdom under a personal union that was established by the Act of Union signed on 1 December 1918.
Iceland is a Nordic island country between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between Europe and North America.
The Principality of Transylvania was a semi-independent state ruled by Hungarian princes.
Alamannia, or Alemania, was the kingdom established and inhabited by the Alemanni, a Germanic tribal confederation that had broken through the Roman limes in 213.
The Hoysala Kingdom was a prominent South Indian dynasty that ruled most of what is now Karnataka, as well as parts of Tamil Nadu and southwestern Telangana, between the 11th and 14th centuries CE.
The Tsardom of Bulgaria, also known as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom, commonly known in English as the Kingdom of Bulgaria, or simply Bulgaria, was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October [O.S.
Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeastern Europe.
The People's Republic of Bulgaria was the Bulgarian state that existed from 1946 to 1990, ruled by the Bulgarian Communist Party together with its coalition partner, the Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union.
Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in northern Central America.
The Despotate of Epirus was one of the Greek rump states of the Byzantine Empire established in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 by a branch of the Angelos dynasty, the Komnenodoukas dynasty.
French Louisiana is mapped in the atlas for 1800 CE – 1804 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 107,958 km².
The pioneering global maritime empire where the sun never set, connecting Europe, the Americas, and the Philippines across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
The Taifa of Badajoz was a medieval Islamic Moorish kingdom located in what is now parts of Portugal and Spain.
The history of Sumer spans the late fifth to the third millennium BC in southern Mesopotamia, documenting the world's first transition from Neolithic village life to a complex urban civilization.
The Sultanate of Maguindanao was a Sunni Muslim sultanate that ruled parts of the island of Mindanao, in the southern Philippines, especially in modern-day Maguindanao provinces, Soccsksargen, Zamboanga Peninsula and Davao Region.
The Principality of Galicia, also known as the Principality of Halych or Principality of Halychian Rus', was a medieval East Slavic principality and one of the main regional states within the political framework of Kievan Rus'.
The Odrysian kingdom was an ancient Thracian state that thrived between the early 5th century BC and the early 3rd / late 1st century BC.
Yan was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty.
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.
The Ségou Empire was one of the largest states of West Africa in the 18th century.
The Caliphate of Hamdullahi was an early 19th-century Sunni Muslim caliphate in West Africa centered in the Inner Niger Delta of what is now the Mopti and Ségou Regions of Mali.
The Imamate of Oman, officially the Imamate State of Oman, was several succession of states within the Oman proper in the Hajar Mountains, part of the present-day Sultanate of Oman.
Riau-Lingga Sultanate, also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before being dissolved following Dutch intervention.
Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.
Grand Duchy of Berg is mapped in the atlas for 1806 CE – 1827 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 102,879 km².
The Kingdom of Serbia was a monarchy located in Southeastern Europe which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882.
The Kingdom of Mrauk-U was a kingdom that existed on the Arakan coastal plain from 1429 to 1785.
The Nguyễn lords, also known as the Nguyễn clan, were Nguyễn dynasty's forerunner and a feudal noble clan ruling southern Đại Việt in the Revival Lê dynasty.
Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast.
The Portuguese Empire was the first and longest lasting of the European colonial empires.
The Kingdom of Aragon was a medieval and early modern kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain.
The Karamanids, were a Turkish sultanate founded by Karamanlu clan descended from the Oghuz Turks and originating from Salur tribe.
The Burgundians were a Germanic people of the Roman imperial era, who established the powerful Kingdom of the Burgundians within the Roman empire in what is now western Switzerland and south-eastern France.
The Trưng sisters, Trưng Trắc and Trưng Nhị,, known in Vietnamese as Hai Bà Trưng or simply Hai Bà, c.
Bagratid Armenia was an independent Armenian state established by Ashot I of the Bagratuni dynasty in the early 880s following nearly two centuries of foreign domination of Greater Armenia under Arab Umayyad and Abbasid rule.
The Principality of Minsk was an appanage principality of the Principality of Polotsk and centered on the city of Minsk.
Sloboda Ukraine, also known locally as Slobozhanshchyna or Slobozhanshchina, is a historical region in northeastern Ukraine and southwestern Russia.
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