Classical Antiquity66,731 km²
Zhao
Zhao was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China.
- Active Epoch:
- 404 BCE – 226 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- Jinyang, Handan
- Government:
Planetary Historical Sovereign Registry
Empires & Sovereign States
From ancient Sumerian city-states and Egypt to Rome, the Pax Mongolica, dynastic China, and global colonial realms, explore the territorial boundaries, administrative centers, and civilizational achievements of humanity’s historical sovereign polities.
Polities Indexed
1,612 Polities
Across 5 Continents
Largest Land Realm
24.0M km²
Mongol Empire
Largest Maritime Realm
35.5M km²
British Empire (1921)
Vector Attribution
Cliopatria
13,800+ dated border shapes · CC BY 4.0
Showing 60 of 60 superpowers
Epoch:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery65,916 km²
Principality of Upper Hungary
The Principality of Upper Hungary was a short-lived vassal state of the Ottoman Empire ruled by Emeric Thököly.
- Active Epoch:
- 1683 CE – 1686 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Kassa
- Government:
Bronze & Iron Age Civilizations65,835 km²
Etruscans
The Etruscans created a civilization in Etruria, in ancient Italy, with a common language and culture, and formed a federation of city-states.
- Active Epoch:
- 750 BCE – 265 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery65,741 km²
Mataram Sultanate
The Sultanate of Mataram was an early modern state based on the island of Java that lasted from the late 16th century to the 18th century.
- Active Epoch:
- 1588 CE – 1743 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Pleret
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages65,560 km²
Principality of Ryazan
The Principality of Ryazan, later known as the Grand Principality of Ryazan, was a Russian principality from 1129 to 1521.
- Active Epoch:
- 1094 CE – 1240 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Ryazan
- Government:
Industrial Era65,346 km²
Republic of Lithuania
Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe.
- Active Epoch:
- 1990 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Vilnius
- Government:
Early Middle Ages65,312 km²
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice, officially the Most Serene Republic of Venice and traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a maritime republic with its capital in Venice, on the northeastern coast of Italy.
- Active Epoch:
- 705 CE – 1796 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Venice
- Government:
Industrial Era65,306 km²
Chiangmai
Chiang Mai is the largest city in northern Thailand, the capital of Chiang Mai province and the second-largest city in Thailand by urban population.
- Active Epoch:
- 1775 CE – 1884 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Early Middle Ages64,974 km²
Puebloans - Chaco Regional System
Puebloans - Chaco Regional System is mapped in the atlas for 850 CE – 1151 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 64,974 km².
- Active Epoch:
- 850 CE – 1151 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Early Middle Ages64,923 km²
Qarmatians
The Qarmatians were an Isma'ili Shia militant movement led by an Arabized dynasty of Persian descent.
- Active Epoch:
- 899 CE – 1071 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Al-Ahsa
- Government:
Early Middle Ages64,825 km²
Dabuyid Dynasty
The Dabuyid dynasty, or Gaubarid dynasty, was a Zoroastrian Iranian dynasty that started in the first half of the 7th century as an independent group of rulers who ruled over Tabaristan and parts of western Khorasan.
- Active Epoch:
- 644 CE – 756 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Fuman
- Government:
Classical Antiquity64,016 km²
Northern Yan
Yan, known in historiography as the Northern Yan, Eastern Yan or Huanglong, was a dynastic state of China during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms.
- Active Epoch:
- 410 CE – 438 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Longcheng
- Government:
Bronze & Iron Age Civilizations63,948 km²
Sabaeans
Sheba, or Saba, was an ancient South Arabian kingdom that existed in Yemen before 275 CE.
- Active Epoch:
- 800 BCE – 282 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Marib, Sanaa
- Government:
Early Middle Ages63,720 km²
Frisia Kingdom
Frisia is a cross-border cultural region in Northwestern Europe.
- Active Epoch:
- 612 CE – 717 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery63,693 km²
Bidar Sultanate
The Bidar Sultanate was an early modern sultanate located in the central Deccan, ruled by the Barid Shahi dynasty.
- Active Epoch:
- 1492 CE – 1618 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Bidar
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages63,319 km²
House of Valois-Anjou
The House of Valois-Anjou was a noble French family and a cadet branch of the House of Valois.
- Active Epoch:
- 1363 CE – 1486 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Early Middle Ages63,232 km²
Yan Kingdom
Yan, sometimes known in historiography as Jie Yan (桀燕), was a short-lived monarchical state in the vicinity of present-day Beijing at the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
- Active Epoch:
- 911 CE – 921 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- You Prefecture
- Government:
Industrial Era63,122 km²
Sikh Confederacy
The Sikh Confederacy was a confederation of twelve sovereign Sikh states which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.
- Active Epoch:
- 1762 CE – 1806 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Amritsar
- Government:
Industrial Era62,642 km²
Kingdom of Lithuania
The Kingdom of Lithuania was a sovereign state that existed from 17 July 1251 until the death of the first crowned king of Lithuania, Mindaugas, on 12 September 1263.
- Active Epoch:
- 1919 CE – 1939 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Kernavė
- Government:
Classical Antiquity62,499 km²
Tarumanagara
Tarumanagara or Taruma Kingdom or just Taruma was an early Sundanese Indianised kingdom, located in western Java, whose 5th-century ruler, Purnawarman, produced the earliest known inscriptions in Java, which are estimated to date from around 358 AD.
- Active Epoch:
- 367 CE – 673 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Sundapura
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages62,424 km²
Principality of Peremyshl
The Principality of Peremyshl was a medieval principality centered on Peremyshl, and encompassing the Przemyśl Land, in the historical region of Red Rus'.
- Active Epoch:
- 1056 CE – 1146 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Peremyshl
- Government:
Industrial Era62,052 km²
Natalia Republic
The Natalia Republic was a short-lived Boer republic founded in 1839 after a Voortrekker victory against the Zulus at the Battle of Blood River.
- Active Epoch:
- 1840 CE – 1910 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Pietermaritzburg
- Government:
Classical Antiquity61,876 km²
Yong
The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.
- Active Epoch:
- 206 BCE – 204 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Bronze & Iron Age Civilizations61,633 km²
Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-third Dynasty was an Ancient Egyptian dynasty of ancient Libyan origin which is usually classified as the third dynasty of the ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period in modern periodization.
- Active Epoch:
- 800 BCE – 701 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- Thebes, Herakleopolis
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery61,366 km²
Irish Catholic Confederation
Confederate Ireland, also referred to as the Irish Catholic Confederation, was a period of Irish Catholic self-government between 1642 and 1652, during the Eleven Years' War.
- Active Epoch:
- 1642 CE – 1652 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Kilkenny
- Government:
Early Middle Ages61,328 km²
Principality of Serbia
The Principality of Serbia was an autonomous, later sovereign state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian Revolution.
- Active Epoch:
- 768 CE – 961 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Gornja Crnuća
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery61,280 km²
Portuguese Ceylon
Império Português
The pioneer of the European Age of Discovery, establishing a 5.5M-km² maritime chain of fortresses and trading posts from Brazil to Africa, India, Malacca, and Macau.
- Active Epoch:
- 1415 CE – 1999 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Lisbon, Rio de Janeiro
- Government:
- Maritime Mercantile Monarchy
Bronze & Iron Age Civilizations60,722 km²
Greek Dark Ages
The Greek Dark Ages was a period in Ancient Greece that was characterized by the collapse of Mycenaean civilization, where the palaces and cities of the Mycenaeans were either destroyed, abandoned, or both.
- Active Epoch:
- 1100 BCE – 801 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages59,705 km²
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia is mapped in the atlas for 1099 CE – 1374 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 59,705 km².
- Active Epoch:
- 1099 CE – 1374 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Tarson
- Government:
Early Middle Ages59,663 km²
Dál Riata
Dál Riata or Dál Riada was a Gaelic kingdom that encompassed the western seaboard of Scotland and northeastern Ireland, on each side of the North Channel.
- Active Epoch:
- 540 CE – 899 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Dunadd
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages59,626 km²
Capetian House of Anjou
The Capetian House of Anjou, or House of Anjou-Sicily, was a royal house and cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty.
- Active Epoch:
- 1250 CE – 1384 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Early Middle Ages59,610 km²
Mataram Kingdom
The Mataram kingdom, also known as the Medang kingdom, was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 11th centuries AD.
- Active Epoch:
- 741 CE – 1009 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Medang, Poh Pitu, Tamwlang, Watugaluh, Wwatan
- Government:
Early Middle Ages58,189 km²
Sajid Dynasty
The Sajid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty, of Iranian origin, that ruled from 889/890 until 929.
- Active Epoch:
- 898 CE – 935 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Maragha,
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages57,555 km²
Beylik of Hamid
The Hamidids was one of the Turkish beyliks in Anatolia during the 14th century.
- Active Epoch:
- 1305 CE – 1343 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Uluborlu
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages57,392 km²
Principality of Terebovlia
The Principality of Terebovlia was a principality of Kievan Rus' established as an appanage around the year 1084 and given to Vasylko Rostyslavych.
- Active Epoch:
- 1085 CE – 1146 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Terebovlia
- Government:
Classical Antiquity57,016 km²
Dai
The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.
- Active Epoch:
- 208 BCE – 204 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Industrial Era56,839 km²
Cuban Nationalists
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was a Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2011.
- Active Epoch:
- 1895 CE – 1899 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Industrial Era56,508 km²
Togo
Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country located in West Africa.
- Active Epoch:
- 1960 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Lomé
- Government:
Early Middle Ages56,472 km²
Duchy of Gascony
The Duchy of Gascony or Duchy of Vasconia was a duchy located in present-day southwestern France and northeastern Spain, an area encompassing the modern region of Gascony.
- Active Epoch:
- 768 CE – 1065 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Bordeaux
- Government:
Industrial Era56,087 km²
Republic of Costa Rica
Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America.
- Active Epoch:
- 1840 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- San José
- Government:
Early Middle Ages55,257 km²
Danelaw
The Danelaw was the part of England between the late ninth century and the Norman Conquest under Anglo-Saxon rule in which Danish laws applied.
- Active Epoch:
- 878 CE – 959 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages53,895 km²
Kingdom of Jerusalem
The Kingdom of Jerusalem, also known as the Crusader Kingdom, was one of the Crusader states established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade.
- Active Epoch:
- 1099 CE – 1293 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Jerusalem
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages53,704 km²
Taifa of Valencia
The Taifa of Valencia was a medieval Muslim kingdom which existed in and around Valencia, Spain.
- Active Epoch:
- 1010 CE – 1249 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Valencia
- Government:
Early Middle Ages52,887 km²
County of Toulouse
The County of Toulouse was a territory in present-day southern France consisting of the city of Toulouse and its environs, ruled by the Count of Toulouse from the late 9th century until the late 13th century.
- Active Epoch:
- 990 CE – 1249 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Toulouse
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery52,798 km²
Lan Na
The Lanna Kingdom, also spelled Lan Na, was a kingdom centered in present-day Northern Thailand which existed from the 13th to 18th centuries.
- Active Epoch:
- 1600 CE – 1761 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Chiang Mai
- Government:
Industrial Era52,641 km²
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is an island country on the eastern part of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean Sea in the North Atlantic Ocean.
- Active Epoch:
- 1846 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Santo Domingo
- Government:
Industrial Era52,453 km²
Republic of Croatia
Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea.
- Active Epoch:
- 1992 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Zagreb
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages52,419 km²
Kingdom of Bosnia
The Kingdom of Bosnia, or Bosnian Kingdom, was a medieval kingdom that lasted for nearly a century, from 1377 to 1463, and evolved out of the Banate of Bosnia, which itself lasted from at least 1154.
- Active Epoch:
- 1385 CE – 1481 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Visoko, Jajce, Bobovac
- Government:
Classical Antiquity51,348 km²
Great Yuan
The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan, was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division.
- Active Epoch:
- 110 BCE – 50 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Dadu
- Government:
Industrial Era51,071 km²
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina, often referred to as Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe.
- Active Epoch:
- 1992 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Sarajevo
- Government:
Classical Antiquity51,055 km²
Jiaodong
The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.
- Active Epoch:
- 206 BCE – 204 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages50,823 km²
House of Hohenstaufen
The Hohenstaufen dynasty, also known as the Staufer, was a noble family of German origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254.
- Active Epoch:
- 1260 CE – 1271 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Industrial Era50,817 km²
Polish Armed Forces
The Land Forces are the ground forces of the Polish Armed Forces.
- Active Epoch:
- 1918 CE – 1918 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Classical Antiquity50,344 km²
Kingdom of Osroene
Osroene, also spelled Osrhoene, was an ancient kingdom and region in Upper Mesopotamia.
- Active Epoch:
- 63 BCE – 214 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Edessa,
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages49,994 km²
Kingdom of Duklja
Duklja was a medieval South Slavic state which roughly encompassed the territories of modern-day southeastern Montenegro, from the Bay of Kotor in the west to the Bojana river in the east, and to the sources of the Zeta and Morača rivers in the north.
- Active Epoch:
- 1072 CE – 1138 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Bar, Shkodër
- Government:
Classical Antiquity49,731 km²
Mahan
Mahan is mapped in the atlas for 91 BCE – 346 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 49,731 km².
- Active Epoch:
- 91 BCE – 346 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Classical Antiquity49,731 km²
Baekje
Paekche or Baekje was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BCE to 660 CE.
- Active Epoch:
- 347 CE – 660 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Wirye,
- Government:
Classical Antiquity49,701 km²
Illyrian Kingdom
The Illyrian kingdom was an Illyrian political entity that existed on the western part of the Balkan Peninsula in ancient times.
- Active Epoch:
- 256 BCE – 226 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- Known: Rhizon, Skodra
- Government:
Industrial Era49,241 km²
Slovakia
Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.
- Active Epoch:
- 1992 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Bratislava
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages49,106 km²
Beylik of Isfendiyar
Beylik of Isfendiyar is mapped in the atlas for 1305 CE – 1462 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 49,106 km².
- Active Epoch:
- 1305 CE – 1462 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Sinop
- Government:
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