High & Late Middle Ages48,973 km²
Banate of Bosnia
The Banate of Bosnia, or Bosnian Banate, was a medieval state located in what is today Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Active Epoch:
- 1188 CE – 1384 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Visoko, Bobovac, Sutjeska
- Government:
Planetary Historical Sovereign Registry
Empires & Sovereign States
From ancient Sumerian city-states and Egypt to Rome, the Pax Mongolica, dynastic China, and global colonial realms, explore the territorial boundaries, administrative centers, and civilizational achievements of humanity’s historical sovereign polities.
Polities Indexed
1,612 Polities
Across 5 Continents
Largest Land Realm
24.0M km²
Mongol Empire
Largest Maritime Realm
35.5M km²
British Empire (1921)
Vector Attribution
Cliopatria
13,800+ dated border shapes · CC BY 4.0
Showing 60 of 60 superpowers
Epoch:
Industrial Era48,569 km²
Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.
- Active Epoch:
- 1919 CE – 1939 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Tallinn
- Government:
Industrial Era48,569 km²
Republic of Estonia
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.
- Active Epoch:
- 1992 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Tallinn
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery48,190 km²
Nayaks of Madurai
The Madurai Nayaks were a Telugu-speaking dynasty of Kamma origin that ruled large parts of modern-day Tamil Nadu, India, between the 16th and 18th centuries, with Madurai as their capital.
- Active Epoch:
- 1529 CE – 1737 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- ubli, Madurai,
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages48,074 km²
Taifa of Dénia
The taifa of Dénia was an Islamic kingdom in medieval Spain, ruling over part of the Valencian coast and Ibiza.
- Active Epoch:
- 1010 CE – 1249 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Dénia
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery47,681 km²
Electorate of Hanover
The Electorate of Hanover was an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire located in northwestern Germany that arose from the Principality of Calenberg.
- Active Epoch:
- 1709 CE – 1802 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Hanover
- Government:
Early Middle Ages47,425 km²
Kingdom of Brittany
The Kingdom of Brittany was a short-lived vassal-state of the Frankish Empire that emerged during the Norse invasions.
- Active Epoch:
- 825 CE – 921 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Early Middle Ages46,656 km²
Duchy of Benevento
The Duchy of Benevento was the southernmost Lombard duchy in the Italian Peninsula that was centered in Benevento, a city in Southern Italy.
- Active Epoch:
- 577 CE – 1084 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Benevento
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages46,555 km²
Swiss Confederation
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located at the intersection of Central, Western, and Southern Europe.
- Active Epoch:
- 1294 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- None
- Government:
Industrial Era46,364 km²
Kingdom of Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.
- Active Epoch:
- 1830 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- City of Brussels
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages46,123 km²
County of Portugal
The County of Portugal refers to two successive medieval counties in the region around Guimarães and Porto, today corresponding to litoral northern Portugal, within which the identity of the Portuguese people formed.
- Active Epoch:
- 1139 CE – 1146 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Guimarães
- Government:
Early Middle Ages46,068 km²
Zaydi Alid dynasties
Alid dynasties of northern Iran or Alavids.
- Active Epoch:
- 866 CE – 935 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Amol
- Government:
Early Middle Ages45,842 km²
Upper Burgundy
Upper Burgundy was a historical region in the early medieval Burgundy, and a distinctive realm known as the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy, that existed from 888 to 933, when it was incorporated into the reunited Kingdom of Burgundy, that lasted until 1032.
- Active Epoch:
- 887 CE – 959 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Early Middle Ages45,562 km²
Carantania
Carantania, also known as Carentania, was a Slavic principality that emerged in the second half of the 7th century, in the territory of present-day southern Austria and north-eastern Slovenia.
- Active Epoch:
- 661 CE – 749 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Karnburg
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery45,552 km²
Demak Sultanate
The Demak Sultanate was a Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present-day city of Demak.
- Active Epoch:
- 1475 CE – 1551 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Bintara, Demak
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery45,552 km²
Kingdom of Pajana
The Lontara script, also known as the Bugis script, Bugis-Makassar script, or Urupu Sulapa’ Eppa’ "four-cornered letters", is one of Indonesia's traditional scripts developed in the South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi region.
- Active Epoch:
- 1572 CE – 1587 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages45,144 km²
County of Foix
The County of Foix was a medieval fief in southern France, and later a province of France, whose territory corresponded roughly the eastern part of the modern département of Ariège.
- Active Epoch:
- 1236 CE – 1555 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Foix
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages44,949 km²
Northern Fujiwara
The Northern Fujiwara were a Japanese noble family that ruled the Tōhoku region of Japan during the 12th century, 1094–1104, as their own realm.
- Active Epoch:
- 1094 CE – 1191 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Classical Antiquity44,637 km²
Visigoths
The Visigoths were a Gothic people who emerged in the Balkans during late antiquity.
- Active Epoch:
- 396 CE – 425 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages44,307 km²
Electorate of Brandenburg
The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806.
- Active Epoch:
- 1422 CE – 1618 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Brandenburg an der Havel
- Government:
Classical Antiquity44,276 km²
Ripuarian Franks
Ripuarian Franks is mapped in the atlas for 238 CE – 509 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 44,276 km².
- Active Epoch:
- 238 CE – 509 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Classical Antiquity44,265 km²
Colchis
In classical antiquity and Greco-Roman geography, Colchis was an exonym for the Georgian polity of Egrisi located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia also including the region of Abkhazia.
- Active Epoch:
- 301 BCE – 231 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- Aea
- Government:
Early Middle Ages44,239 km²
Volga Bulgaria
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria was a historical Bulgar state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia.
- Active Epoch:
- 674 CE – 1235 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Bolghar, Bilär
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery44,235 km²
Dutch Ceylon
Dutch Ceylon was a governorate established in present-day Sri Lanka by the Dutch East India Company.
- Active Epoch:
- 1687 CE – 1795 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Galle
- Government:
Bronze & Iron Age Civilizations43,571 km²
Lu
Lu was a vassal state during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China located around modern southwest Shandong.
- Active Epoch:
- 750 BCE – 248 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- 1. Lushan
- Government:
Industrial Era43,140 km²
Kingdom of Westphalia
The Kingdom of Westphalia was a client state of France in present-day Germany that existed from 1807 to 1813.
- Active Epoch:
- 1809 CE – 1813 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Cassel
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages42,919 km²
Duchy of Milan
The Duchy of Milan was a state in Northern Italy, created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti family, which had ruled the city since 1277.
- Active Epoch:
- 1402 CE – 1539 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Milan
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery42,721 km²
Samtskhe-Saatabago
The Samtskhe-Saatabago or Samtskhe Atabegate, also called the Principality of Samtskhe, was a Georgian feudal principality in Zemo Kartli, ruled by an atabeg (tutor) of Georgia for nearly three and a half centuries, between 1268 and 1625.
- Active Epoch:
- 1468 CE – 1506 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Akhaltsikhe
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery42,150 km²
Kingdom of Champasak
Kingdom of Champasak is mapped in the atlas for 1709 CE – 1894 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 42,150 km².
- Active Epoch:
- 1709 CE – 1894 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Industrial Era42,059 km²
Cisalpine Republic
The Cisalpine Republic was a sister republic of France in Northern Italy that existed from 1797 to 1799, with a second version until 1802.
- Active Epoch:
- 1797 CE – 1799 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Milan
- Government:
Industrial Era42,009 km²
Bessarabia
Bessarabia is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.
- Active Epoch:
- 1812 CE – 1813 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Chișinău
- Government:
Early Middle Ages41,810 km²
Kingdom of Vaspurakan
The Kingdom of Vaspurakan was a medieval Armenian kingdom centered on Lake Van, located in what is now eastern Turkey and northwestern Iran.
- Active Epoch:
- 911 CE – 1027 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Van
- Government:
Early Middle Ages41,764 km²
Papal States
The Papal States, officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870.
- Active Epoch:
- 755 CE – 1870 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Rome
- Government:
Industrial Era41,382 km²
Republic of Armenia
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian highlands of West Asia.
- Active Epoch:
- 1992 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Yerevan
- Government:
Early Middle Ages41,017 km²
Ziyarid dynasty
The Ziyarid dynasty was an Iranian dynasty of Gilaki origin that ruled Tabaristan from 931 to 1090 during the Iranian Intermezzo period.
- Active Epoch:
- 936 CE – 979 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Isfahan,
- Government:
Classical Antiquity40,946 km²
Henan
The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms", also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.
- Active Epoch:
- 206 BCE – 204 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages40,929 km²
County of Edessa
The County of Edessa was a 12th-century Crusader state in Upper Mesopotamia.
- Active Epoch:
- 1099 CE – 1151 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Edessa
- Government:
Industrial Era40,911 km²
Armenia
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian highlands of West Asia.
- Active Epoch:
- 1918 CE – 1919 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Yerevan
- Government:
Industrial Era40,874 km²
Pahang Sultanate
The Pahang Sultanate also referred as the Old Pahang Sultanate, as opposed to the modern Pahang Sultanate, was a Malay Muslim state established in the eastern Malay Peninsula in the 15th century.
- Active Epoch:
- 1853 CE – 1889 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Pekan
- Government:
Classical Antiquity40,557 km²
Thuringian states
Thuringian states is mapped in the atlas for 469 CE – 475 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 40,557 km².
- Active Epoch:
- 469 CE – 475 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Classical Antiquity40,557 km²
Kingdom of Thuringia
Basina or Basine was remembered as a queen of Thuringia in the middle of the fifth century, by much later authors such as especially Gregory of Tours.
- Active Epoch:
- 476 CE – 533 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Early Middle Ages40,557 km²
Duchy of Thuringia
The Duchy of Thuringia, later known as the Landgraviate of Thuringia, was a polity in medieval Thuringia, initially a duchy, and then a landgraviate.
- Active Epoch:
- 567 CE – 723 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Erfurt
- Government:
Classical Antiquity40,185 km²
Cimmerian Bosporus
The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus, was an ancient Greco-Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, centered in the present-day Strait of Kerch.
- Active Epoch:
- 404 BCE – 372 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Panticapaeum
- Government:
Industrial Era40,154 km²
Helvetic Republic
The Helvetic Republic was a sister republic of France that existed between 1798 and 1803, during the French Revolutionary Wars.
- Active Epoch:
- 1799 CE – 1814 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Aarau
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages39,613 km²
Kingdom of Africa
The Kingdom of Africa was an extension of the frontier zone of the Kingdom of Sicily in the former Roman province of Africa, corresponding to Tunisia and parts of Algeria and Libya today.
- Active Epoch:
- 1152 CE – 1168 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Mahdia
- Government:
Early Middle Ages39,283 km²
Duchy of Normandy
The Duchy of Normandy grew out of the 911 Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between King Charles III of West Francia and the Viking leader Rollo.
- Active Epoch:
- 922 CE – 1071 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Rouen
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery39,178 km²
Sultanate of Banjar
Sultanate of Banjar is mapped in the atlas for 1526 CE – 1859 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 39,178 km².
- Active Epoch:
- 1526 CE – 1859 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Banjarmasin
- Government:
Industrial Era38,942 km²
Chinese Communists
The Communist Party of China (CPC), commonly known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and sole governing party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
- Active Epoch:
- 1928 CE – 1931 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
High & Late Middle Ages38,868 km²
Taifa of Zaragoza
The taifa of Zaragoza was an independent Arab Muslim state in the east of Al-Andalus with its capital in Saraqusta (Zaragoza) city.
- Active Epoch:
- 1015 CE – 1110 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Zaragoza
- Government:
Early Middle Ages38,821 km²
County of Blôis
The County of Blois was a feudal principality centred on Blois, south of Paris, France.
- Active Epoch:
- 990 CE – 1401 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Blois
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery38,590 km²
Union of Utrecht
The Union of Utrecht was an alliance based on an agreement concluded on 23 January 1579 between a number of Dutch provinces and cities, to reach a joint commitment against the king, Philip II of Spain.
- Active Epoch:
- 1579 CE – 1581 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Bronze & Iron Age Civilizations38,587 km²
Tabal Kingdom
Tabal, later reorganised into Bīt-Burutaš or Bīt-Paruta, was a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite state which existed in southeastern Anatolia in the Iron Age.
- Active Epoch:
- 900 BCE – 701 BCE
- Imperial Capital:
- Artulu
- Government:
Early Modern & Age of Discovery38,518 km²
Duchy of Prussia
Duchy of Prussia is mapped in the atlas for 1526 CE – 1618 CE, with a peak mapped extent of about 38,518 km².
- Active Epoch:
- 1526 CE – 1618 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Königsberg
- Government:
Industrial Era38,488 km²
Kingdom of Hanover
The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic era.
- Active Epoch:
- 1803 CE – 1865 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Hanover
- Government:
Industrial Era38,173 km²
Caucasian Imamate
The Caucasian Imamate, also known as the North Caucasian Imamate, was a state founded by Muslim imams in the early-to-mid 19th century across Dagestan and Chechnya.
- Active Epoch:
- 1828 CE – 1858 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Gimry,
- Government:
Early Middle Ages38,057 km²
Barghawata Conference
Casablanca is the largest city in Morocco and the country's economic and business centre.
- Active Epoch:
- 793 CE – 1065 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Government:
Industrial Era37,719 km²
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands, also known simply as the Solomons, is an archipelagic country consisting of six major islands and over 1,000 smaller islands in Melanesia, Oceania, to the north-east of Australia.
- Active Epoch:
- 1979 CE – 2024 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Honiara
- Government:
Early Middle Ages37,409 km²
Duchy of Brittany
The Duchy of Brittany was a medieval feudal state that existed between approximately 939 and 1547.
- Active Epoch:
- 947 CE – 1491 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Nantes, Rennes, Vannes, and other cities
- Government:
Early Middle Ages36,834 km²
County of Flanders
The County of Flanders was one of the most powerful political entities in the medieval Low Countries, located on the North Sea coast of modern-day Belgium and north-eastern France.
- Active Epoch:
- 990 CE – 1384 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Bruges, later Ghent and Lille
- Government:
Early Middle Ages36,212 km²
Galuh Kingdom
The Galuh Kingdom was a medieval Sundanese kingdom located in the eastern part of Tatar Sunda, present-day Indonesia.
- Active Epoch:
- 674 CE – 1481 CE
- Imperial Capital:
- Kawali
- Government:
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