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Norway · Landforms

Mountain Ranges, Deserts and Landforms of Norway

Europe is the largest of the 17 mountain ranges, deserts and other landforms recorded for Norway, at 11.24M km², ahead of Queen Maud Land at 334,849 km². The full list follows.

How this list is built: Ranked by mapped area. Covers mountain ranges, deserts, plateaus, named glaciers, plains, basins, peninsulas and capes. One that crosses a border is listed under every country it lies in, with the area of the whole feature. It covers the mountain ranges, deserts and other landforms indexed in YearMaps, drawn from open geospatial data, and is not an exhaustive national register.

Landforms Listed
17
Top Ranked
11.24M km²
Europe
Second
334,849 km²
Queen Maud Land
Profiled Below
11
Photo, encyclopedia text and figures
Mountain Ranges, Deserts and Landforms of Norway
#NameArea
1Europe11.24M km²
2Queen Maud Land334,849 km²
3KjøLen Mountains220,083 km²
4Scandinavia114,532 km²
5Lapland37,144 km²
6Negribreen8,236 km²
7Brasvellbreen8,179 km²
8Finnmarks-vidda7,272 km²
9Holtedahlfonna5,284 km²
10Hardanger-vidda2,806 km²
11Vestfonna2,571 km²
12Asgardfonna1,778 km²
13Edgeoyjokulen1,360 km²
14Jostedalsbreen947 km²
15Barentsjokulen615 km²
16Svartisen555 km²
17Rivgujiehkki54 km²

The Landforms of Norway in Detail

The 11 mountain ranges, deserts and other landforms above that have an encyclopedia article, in the same order, each with its photograph, figures and the places around it.

Queen Maud Land
Image via Wikimedia Commons (author and licence on the file page).

Queen Maud Land

Geoarea · 334,849 km²

Queen Maud Land is a geoarea in Antarctica, covering an estimated 334,849 km². It extends across Antarctica and Norway.

Queen Maud Land (Norwegian: Dronning Maud Land) is a roughly 2.7-million-square-kilometre (1.0-million-square-mile) region of Antarctica claimed by Norway as a dependent territory. It borders the claimed British Antarctic Territory 20° west, specifically the Caird Coast, Coats Land on the West, and the Australian Antarctic Territory 45° east, specifically Enderby Land on the East. In addition, a small unclaimed area from 1939 was annexed in June 2015. Positioned in East Antarctica, it makes out about one-fifth of the continent, and is named after the Norwegian Queen Maud (1869–1938).

In 1930, the Norwegian Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen was the first person known to have set foot in the territory. On 14 January 1939, the territory was claimed by Norway. On 23 June 1961, Queen Maud Land became part of the Antarctic Treaty System, making it a demilitarised zone. It is one of two Antarctic claims made by Norway, the other being Peter I Island. They are administered by the Polar Affairs Department of the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security in Oslo.

Most of the territory is covered by the east Antarctic ice sheet, and a tall ice wall stretches throughout its coast.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Queen Maud Land (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Geoarea
Mapped extent
334,849 km²
Size rank
#31 of 231 landforms
Region
Antarctica
Countries
Antarctica, Norway
Coordinates
-81.6001°, 39.3594°
Summits:
Olavtoppen (780 m), Oksskolten (1,916 m), Haltiatunturi (1,328 m)
Ranges:
Prince Charles Mountains (Antarctica), Shackleton Range (Antarctica)
Settlements:
Kristiansand (15,654 km), Arendal (15,681 km), Sandnes (15,745 km)

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Geography

Queen Maud Land extends from the boundary with Coats Land in the west to the boundary with Enderby Land in the east, and is divided into the Princess Martha Coast, Princess Astrid Coast, Princess Ragnhild Coast, Prince Harald Coast and Prince Olav Coast. The territory is estimated to cover around 2,700,000 square kilometres (1,000,000 sq mi), which roughly corresponds to the sizes of India, Argentina or Kazakhstan. The limits of the claim, put forth in 1939, did not fix the northern and southern limits other than as "the mainland beach in Antarctica... with the land that lies beyond this beach and the sea beyond". The sea that extends off the coast between the longitudinal limits of Queen Maud Land is generally called King Haakon VII Sea.

History

Queen Maud Land was the first part of Antarctica to be sighted, on 27 January 1820 by Fabian von Bellingshausen. However, it was among the last to be explored, as it required aircraft in combination with ships to undertake systematic exploration. Early Norwegian research activities in Antarctica rested entirely on whaling and sealing expeditions funded by ship owners, particularly by Christen Christensen and his son Lars. The first two Norwegian expeditions were carried out by sealing ships in 1892–93 and 1893–94. While they were primarily sent for exploring, sealing, and whaling possibilities, they also performed scientific research. Further Norwegian expeditions were mounted into the first decades of the 20th century.

Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Queen Maud Land (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Queen Maud Land: Key Facts

Key facts about Queen Maud Land
Area2,500,000 km²

Facts from Wikidata Q189999 (CC0).

Scandinavia
Image via Wikimedia Commons (author and licence on the file page).

Scandinavia

Pen/cape · 114,532 km²

Scandinavia is a pen/cape in Europe, covering an estimated 114,532 km². It extends across Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark.

Scandinavia is a subregion of northern Europe that most commonly comprises Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, which share strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties. It may also refer to the Scandinavian Peninsula (which excludes Denmark but includes part of northern Finland). In English usage, the term is also used as a synonym for the Nordic countries. Iceland and the Faroe Islands are sometimes included, due to their ethnolinguistic ties to Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. Although Finland differs from the other Nordic countries in this respect, some authors consider it Scandinavian because of its economic and cultural similarities.

The geography of the region is varied, from the Norwegian fjords in the west and Scandinavian mountains covering parts of Norway and Sweden, to the low and flat areas of Denmark in the south, as well as archipelagos and lakes in the east. Most of the population in the region live in the more temperate southern regions, with the northern parts having long, cold winters.

During the Viking Age Scandinavian peoples participated in large-scale raiding, conquest, colonization and trading mostly throughout Europe.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Scandinavia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Pen/cape
Mapped extent
114,532 km²
Size rank
#60 of 231 landforms
Region
Europe
Countries
Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark
Coordinates
67.6147°, 22.2697°
Summits:
Haltiatunturi (1,328 m), Oksskolten (1,916 m), Newtontoppen (1,713 m)
Ranges:
Ural Mountains (Europe), Harz (Europe)
Settlements:
Tromsø (198 km), Narvik (244 km), Bodø (402 km)

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Geography

The geography of Scandinavia is extremely varied. Notable are the Norwegian fjords, the Scandinavian Mountains covering much of Norway and parts of Sweden, the flat, low areas in Denmark and the archipelagos of Finland, Norway and Sweden. Finland and Sweden have many lakes and moraines, legacies of the ice age, which ended about ten millennia ago.

The southern regions of Scandinavia, which are also the most populous regions, have a temperate climate. Scandinavia extends north of the Arctic Circle, but has relatively mild weather for its latitude due to the Gulf Stream. Many of the Scandinavian mountains have an alpine tundra climate.

History

A key ancient description of Scandinavia was provided by Pliny the Elder, though his mentions of Scatinavia and surrounding areas are not always easy to decipher. Writing in the capacity of a Roman admiral, he introduces the northern region by declaring to his Roman readers that there are 23 islands "Romanis armis cognitae" ("known to Roman arms") in this area. According to Pliny, the "clarissima" ("most famous") of the region's islands is Scatinavia, of unknown size. There live the Hilleviones. The belief that Scandinavia was an island became widespread among classical authors during the 1st century and dominated descriptions of Scandinavia in classical texts during the centuries that followed.

Economy

Measured in per capita GDP, the Nordic countries are among the richest in the world. There is a generous welfare system in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. These economies have been marked by large public sectors, extensive and generous welfare systems, a high level of taxation and considerable state involvement.

Various promotional agencies of the Nordic countries such as the Norwegian Trekking Association, the Swedish Tourist Association, and in the United States (The American-Scandinavian Foundation established in 1910 by the Danish American industrialist Niels Poulsen) serve to promote market and tourism interests in the region.

Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Scandinavia (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Scandinavia: Key Facts

Key facts about Scandinavia
OnNorth Sea

Facts from Wikidata Q21195 (CC0).

Negribreen
Image via Wikimedia Commons (author and licence on the file page).

Negribreen

Glaciated areas · 8,236 km²

Negribreen is a glaciated areas in Norway, covering an estimated 8,236 km². It is the 15th-largest of the 68 glaciers and ice fields with a mapped extent in YearMaps.

Negribreen is glacier at Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The glacier debouches into Storfjorden, in Olav V Land and Sabine Land, forming a wide glacier front with the moving extreme point Kapp Antinori. The glacier covers an area of about 1,180 km2 (460 sq mi). It is named after Italian geographer Christoforo Negri.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Negribreen (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Glaciated areas
Mapped extent
8,236 km²
Size rank
#15 of 68 glaciers and ice fields
Coordinates
78.8103°, 19.4722°
Summits:
Newtontoppen (1,713 m), Haltiatunturi (1,328 m), Beerenberg (2,277 m)
Ranges:
Ural Mountains (Europe), Grampian Mountains (Europe)
Settlements:
Tromsø (1,020 km), Severomorsk (1,157 km), Narvik (1,161 km)

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Negribreen: Key Facts

Key facts about Negribreen
Area1,180 km²

Facts from Wikidata Q2331507 (CC0).

Brasvellbreen

Glaciated areas · 8,179 km²

Brasvellbreen is a glaciated areas in Norway, covering an estimated 8,179 km². It is the 16th-largest of the 68 glaciers and ice fields with a mapped extent in YearMaps.

Bråsvellbreen (English: The Sudden Swell Glacier) is a glacier in Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. The glacier is a 45 kilometre long stream southwards from the ice dome Sørdomen of Austfonna, debouching into the sea on the south coast. In the late 1930s it was observed that the glacier had exhibited a recent huge surge, forming a ten kilometre long tongue into the sea.

This glacier, representing 13% of the total surface of Austfonna, is well known in the Arctic for its spectacular waterfalls and glacial streams.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Bråsvellbreen (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Glaciated areas
Mapped extent
8,179 km²
Size rank
#16 of 68 glaciers and ice fields
Coordinates
79.7534°, 24.2288°
Summits:
Newtontoppen (1,713 m), Haltiatunturi (1,328 m), Beerenberg (2,277 m)
Ranges:
Ural Mountains (Europe), Grampian Mountains (Europe)
Settlements:
Tromsø (1,134 km), Severomorsk (1,215 km), Murmansk (1,225 km)

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Brasvellbreen: Key Facts

Key facts about Brasvellbreen
Length45 km
Area1,160 km²

Facts from Wikidata Q3373187 (CC0).

Holtedahlfonna

Glaciated areas · 5,284 km²

Holtedahlfonna is a glaciated areas in Norway, covering an estimated 5,284 km². It is the 23rd-largest of the 68 glaciers and ice fields with a mapped extent in YearMaps.

Holtedahlfonna is a glacier at Haakon VII Land on Spitsbergen, Svalbard, between Wijdefjorden and Kongsfjorden. The glacier covers an area of about 1,375 km2 (531 sq mi), and is the second largest ice cap on Spitsbergen. It is named after Norwegian geologist and polar explorer Olaf Holtedahl.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Holtedahlfonna (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Glaciated areas
Mapped extent
5,284 km²
Size rank
#23 of 68 glaciers and ice fields
Coordinates
79.0582°, 13.4473°
Summits:
Newtontoppen (1,713 m), Beerenberg (2,277 m), Haltiatunturi (1,328 m)
Ranges:
Ural Mountains (Europe), Grampian Mountains (Europe)
Settlements:
Tromsø (1,060 km), Narvik (1,192 km), Severomorsk (1,251 km)

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Vestfonna
Image via Wikimedia Commons (author and licence on the file page).

Vestfonna

Glaciated areas · 2,571 km²

Vestfonna is a glaciated areas in Norway, covering an estimated 2,571 km².

Vestfonna is an ice cap located on the western part Nordaustlandet in the Svalbard archipelago in Norway. The glacier covers an area of about 2,500 km2. It is the third largest ice cap in Svalbard and Norway by area, after Austfonna and Olav V Land.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Vestfonna (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Glaciated areas
Mapped extent
2,571 km²
Size rank
#29 of 68 glaciers and ice fields
Coordinates
79.9749°, 20.4621°
Summits:
Newtontoppen (1,713 m), Haltiatunturi (1,328 m), Beerenberg (2,277 m)
Ranges:
Ural Mountains (Europe), Grampian Mountains (Europe)
Settlements:
Tromsø (1,150 km), Severomorsk (1,264 km), Murmansk (1,273 km)

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Vestfonna: Key Facts

Key facts about Vestfonna
Area2,500 km²

Facts from Wikidata Q1800403 (CC0).

Asgardfonna

Glaciated areas · 1,778 km²

Asgardfonna is a glaciated areas in Norway, covering an estimated 1,778 km².

Åsgardfonna is a glacier in Ny-Friesland on Spitsbergen, between Wijdefjorden and Lomfjorden. The glacier covers and area of about 1,230 km2 (470 sq mi). It is named after Åsgard in Norse mythology. Earlier names of the glacier are Åsgårdfonna and Névé dôme Asgård.

A study published in the scientific journal Nature in 2025, based on sediment analyses from the lakes of Berglivatnet and Lakssjøen, suggests that the ice cap of Åsgardfonna survived and possibly expanded in periods during the warmer-than-present Holocene climatic optimum.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Åsgardfonna (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Glaciated areas
Mapped extent
1,778 km²
Size rank
#31 of 68 glaciers and ice fields
Coordinates
79.6555°, 16.7307°
Summits:
Newtontoppen (1,713 m), Haltiatunturi (1,328 m), Beerenberg (2,277 m)
Ranges:
Ural Mountains (Europe), Grampian Mountains (Europe)
Settlements:
Tromsø (1,116 km), Narvik (1,254 km), Severomorsk (1,267 km)

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Asgardfonna: Key Facts

Key facts about Asgardfonna
Area1,230 km²

Facts from Wikidata Q1800849 (CC0).

Edgeoyjokulen

Glaciated areas · 1,360 km²

Edgeoyjokulen is a glaciated areas in Norway, covering an estimated 1,360 km².

Edgeøyjøkulen is an ice cap glacier on Edgeøya, part of the Svalbard archipelago, Norway. The glacier covers an area of about 1,365 km2 (527 sq mi).

Adapted from Wikipedia: Edgeøyjøkulen (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Glaciated areas
Mapped extent
1,360 km²
Size rank
#35 of 68 glaciers and ice fields
Coordinates
77.7146°, 23.6465°
Summits:
Newtontoppen (1,713 m), Haltiatunturi (1,328 m), Kebnekaise (2,111 m)
Ranges:
Ural Mountains (Europe), Grampian Mountains (Europe)
Settlements:
Tromsø (909 km), Severomorsk (1,007 km), Murmansk (1,015 km)

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Edgeoyjokulen: Key Facts

Key facts about Edgeoyjokulen
Area1,365 km²

Facts from Wikidata Q1771293 (CC0).

Jostedalsbreen
Image via Wikimedia Commons (author and licence on the file page).

Jostedalsbreen

Glaciated areas · 947 km²

Jostedalsbreen is a glaciated areas in Norway, covering an estimated 947 km².

Jostedal Glacier or Jostedalsbreen (Norwegian) is the largest glacier in continental Europe. It is in Vestland county in Western Norway. Jostedalsbreen is located in the municipalities of Luster, Sogndal, Sunnfjord, and Stryn (all in Vestland county), plus the northeastern tip of the glacier extends into Skjåk Municipality (in Innlandet county). The highest peak in the area is Lodalskåpa at a height of 2,083 metres (6,834 ft).

Adapted from Wikipedia: Jostedal Glacier (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Glaciated areas
Mapped extent
947 km²
Size rank
#41 of 68 glaciers and ice fields
Coordinates
61.6787°, 7.0096°
Summits:
Oksskolten (1,916 m), Slaettaratindur (882 m), Ben Nevis (1,343 m)
Ranges:
Grampian Mountains (Europe), Harz (Europe)
Settlements:
Ålesund (102 km), Bergen (170 km), Gjøvik (220 km)

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Geography

The Jostedal Glacier has a total area of 487 square kilometres (188 sq mi). The highest point is Høgste Breakulen at 1,957 metres (6,421 ft) above mean sea level. Branches of the glacier reach down into the valleys, for instance Bøyabreen in Fjærland and Nigardsbreen, both at 300 metres (980 ft) above sea level. The thickest part of the glacier is 600 metres (2,000 ft). Jostedalsbreen has a length of a little more than 60 kilometres (37 mi) and it is a part of the 1,310-square-kilometre (510 sq mi) Jostedalsbreen National Park, which was established in 1991. The glacier covers over half of the national park.

The glacier is maintained by the high snowfall rates in the region, not the cold temperatures. This means the glacier has high melting rates in its snouts.

Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Jostedal Glacier (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Jostedalsbreen: Key Facts

Key facts about Jostedalsbreen
Area550 km²
Mountain rangeScandinavian Mountains

Facts from Wikidata Q654352 (CC0).

Barentsjokulen

Glaciated areas · 615 km²

Barentsjokulen is a glaciated areas in Norway, covering an estimated 615 km².

Barentsjøkulen is a glacier on Barentsøya, Svalbard. The glacier covers an area of about 571 km2 (220 sq mi). It is named after the Barents Island, which again is named after Dutch explorer Willem Barentsz. Barents Island is on the Barents Sea.

The glacier has the four offshoots Besselsbreen, Willybreen, Freemanbreen and Duckwitzbreen.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Barentsjøkulen (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Glaciated areas
Mapped extent
615 km²
Size rank
#45 of 68 glaciers and ice fields
Coordinates
78.4291°, 21.5374°
Summits:
Newtontoppen (1,713 m), Haltiatunturi (1,328 m), Beerenberg (2,277 m)
Ranges:
Ural Mountains (Europe), Grampian Mountains (Europe)
Settlements:
Tromsø (981 km), Severomorsk (1,099 km), Murmansk (1,107 km)

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Svartisen
Image via Wikimedia Commons (author and licence on the file page).

Svartisen

Glaciated areas · 555 km²

Svartisen is a glaciated areas in Norway, covering an estimated 555 km².

Svartisen is a collective term for two glaciers located in Nordland county in northern Norway. It is part of Saltfjellet-Svartisen National Park, located in the Saltfjell mountain range. The glaciers are located in the municipalities of Beiarn, Meløy, Rana, and Rødøy. Svartisen consists of two separate glaciers that are separated by the 1-kilometre (0.62 mi) long Vesterdalen valley. The two glaciers are:

Vestisen or Vestre Svartisen ("western Svartisen") has an area of 221 square kilometres (85 sq mi) which makes it the second largest glacier on the Norwegian mainland after the Jostedalsbreen glacier. (There are larger glaciers on Svalbard.)

Østisen or Østre Svartisen ("eastern Svartisen") has an area of 148 square kilometres (57 sq mi) which makes it the country's fourth largest glacier.

There are also a number of minor glaciers in the area surrounding Svartisen, such as Glombreen in the northern part of Meløy Municipality, and Simlebreen in Beiarn Municipality. One of the outlet glaciers of Svartisen, Engabreen ends at the lowest point of any glacier on the European mainland, at 20 metres (66 ft) above sea level (in 2007).

Adapted from Wikipedia: Svartisen (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Glaciated areas
Mapped extent
555 km²
Size rank
#47 of 68 glaciers and ice fields
Coordinates
66.6485°, 13.8907°
Summits:
Oksskolten (1,916 m), Kebnekaise (2,111 m), Haltiatunturi (1,328 m)
Ranges:
Grampian Mountains (Europe), Harz (Europe)
Settlements:
Mo i Rana (39 km), Bodø (70 km), Narvik (241 km)

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More about Svartisen

Svartisen: Key Facts

Key facts about Svartisen
Mountain rangeScandinavian Mountains

Facts from Wikidata Q1545368 (CC0).

More on Norway

Quick Answers

What is the largest landform in Norway?
Europe, at 11.24M km². Queen Maud Land is second at 334,849 km². Rankings cover the mountain ranges, deserts and other landforms indexed in YearMaps.
How many mountain ranges, deserts and other landforms are there in Norway?
YearMaps lists 17 mountain ranges, deserts and other landforms for Norway. This is the number mapped in the atlas, not an official national count.