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UNESCO World Heritage List · Asia

UNESCO World Heritage Sites in United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates has 3 sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List (2 cultural and 1 natural), the first inscribed in 2011 (Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud and Oases Areas)). The map below plots every one of them alongside the rest of the List, and each site is written up in full further down the page.

World Heritage Sites
3
Cultural
2
Natural and Mixed
1
First Inscribed
2011
Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud and Oases Areas)

Map of World Heritage Sites in United Arab Emirates

4.0

CulturalNaturalMixedIn DangerLarge dots are in United Arab Emirates. Click a dot to read about the site.

Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud and Oases Areas), United Arab Emirates
Photo: Michael Peter Glenister, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
CulturalInscribed 2011(iii) (iv) (v)

Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud and Oases Areas)

United Arab Emirates · 24.0678° N, 55.8064° E · 49 km² · 19 km from Al Ayn

The Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud and Oases Areas) constitute a serial property that testifies to sedentary human occupation of a desert region since the Neolithic period with vestiges of many prehistoric cultures. Remarkable vestiges in the property include circular stone tombs (ca 2500 B.C.), wells and a wide range of adobe constructions: residential buildings, towers, palaces and administrative buildings. Hili moreover features one of the oldest examples of the sophisticated aflaj irrigation system which dates back to the Iron Age. The property provides important testimony to the transition of cultures in the region from hunting and gathering to sedentarization.

Description from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre (CC BY-SA IGO 3.0).

Why Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud and Oases Areas) Is Listed

(iii)
A unique testimony to a cultural tradition or civilisation.
(iv)
An outstanding example of a type of building or landscape.
(v)
An outstanding example of traditional human settlement or land use.
Jabal Al Fayah, United Arab Emirates
Photo, via Wikimedia Commons (author and licence on the file page).
CulturalInscribed 2025(iii) (iv)

Jabal Al Fayah

United Arab Emirates · 25.1114° N, 55.8390° E · 291 km² · 50 km from Al Fujayrah

Jebel Faya (Arabic: جَبَل ٱلْفَايَة, romanized: Jabal Al-Fāyah) is an archaeological site and limestone hill or escarpment near Mleiha, located in the central region of the Emirate of Sharjah in the UAE. It is considered the largest central mountain within a group of surrounding hills, including Jebel Mleiha to the northwest, Jebel Emailah to the east, and Jebel Aqabah and Jebel Buhais to the southwest. This group of mountains is known as the "Faya Mountain Range." Jebel Faya contains several very important archaeological sites, including FAY-NE 1, which dates to the Palaeolithic period and Wadi al-Kohof (Caves Wadi), which comprises the archaeological sites FAY-NE 10 and FAY-NE 15, dating to the Neolithic period.

Located about 50 km (31 miles) east of the city of Sharjah, and between the shoreline of the Gulf and Al Hajar Mountains, the Paleolandscape of Faya contains tool assemblages and burials from the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age reflecting human occupation of the region between 210,000 and 2,300 years ago.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Jebel Faya (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Why Jabal Al Fayah Is Listed

(iii)
A unique testimony to a cultural tradition or civilisation.
(iv)
An outstanding example of a type of building or landscape.
More about Jabal Al Fayah

UNESCO's Description

Located between the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea, the property preserves evidence of human occupation from the Middle Palaeolithic and Neolithic periods (210,000–6,000 years ago). Archaeological layers reveal how hunter-gatherers and pastoralists adapted to extreme climates, alternating between arid and rainy periods every 20,000 years. Beyond subsistence activities, early human groups utilized the site's geomorphological features for resource extraction. With diverse water sources and raw materials, Faya provides valuable insights into human resilience in hyper-arid environments.

From the UNESCO World Heritage Centre (CC BY-SA IGO 3.0).

Site research history

Site FAY-NE 1 at Jebel Faya was first discovered and test-excavated by a French team during their field work in Sharjah in the 1980s. This work was directed by Rémy Boucharlat (CNRS, France) and established the presence of stratified prehistoric material at the site. Fieldwork focusing on the Palaeolithic history at Jebel Faya has been conducted since 2003 as a part of a joint project between the Sharjah Archaeology Authority and the University of Tübingen, which was established in 1995.

The Tübingen-Sharjah project initiated systematic and large-scale excavations at FAY-NE1 in 2003. Besides later prehistoric material, the teams uncovered the first stratified Palaeolithic material in 2006.

Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Jebel Faya (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Wadi Wurayah, United Arab Emirates
Photo, via Wikimedia Commons (author and licence on the file page).
NaturalInscribed 2026(ix)

Wadi Wurayah

United Arab Emirates · 25.4226° N, 56.3635° E · 220 km² · 33 km from Al Fujayrah

Wadi Wurayah (Arabic: وَادِي ٱلْوُرَيْعَة, romanized: Wādī Al-Wurayʿah) is a 12,700-hectare (31,000-acre) wadi between the towns of Masafi, Khor Fakkan, and Bidiyah in the United Arab Emirates. It has been designated as Ramsar Wetland of International Importance. The lush canyon in the area was named after the tall marsh plant known as ‘warrah’, that flourishes in its wetlands, while the word ‘wadi’ is the Arabic term for valley.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Wadi Wurayah (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Why Wadi Wurayah Is Listed

(ix)
An outstanding example of ongoing ecological and biological processes.
More about Wadi Wurayah

UNESCO's Description

The property is located entirely within the Hajar mountain range in the Emirate of Fujairah. Geologically, the Hajar Mountains represent extensive and well-preserved exposures of ophiolite sequences, formed during Late Cretaceous tectonic processes. Ecologically, the property is situated within the Al Hajar Foothill Xeric Woodlands and Shrublands, recognised for its ecological distinctiveness, high species richness, and significant levels of endemism. Wadi Wurayah hosts 1,099 recorded species (883 fauna and 216 flora), including at least ten globally threatened species. These represent approximately half of the terrestrial mammal species and nearly half of the terrestrial reptile species recorded in the country.

From the UNESCO World Heritage Centre (CC BY-SA IGO 3.0).

World Heritage in United Arab Emirates: Quick Answers

How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites are in United Arab Emirates?
United Arab Emirates has 3 World Heritage Sites: 2 cultural and 1 natural.
What was the first World Heritage Site in United Arab Emirates?
Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud and Oases Areas), inscribed in 2011. The most recent is Wadi Wurayah, inscribed in 2026.
What are the natural World Heritage Sites in United Arab Emirates?
Wadi Wurayah.
Are any World Heritage Sites in United Arab Emirates in danger?
None of the World Heritage Sites in United Arab Emirates is on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger.

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