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Map of Mauritius

Mauritius is a country in Africa with its capital at Port Louis, home to about 1.24 million people across 2,040 km². The interactive map below plots 2 cities and towns, 1 mountain summits and 2 ports recorded for Mauritius in YearMaps.

Population
1.24 million
#159 of 225 · World Bank, 2025
Area
2,040 km²
#182 by area
Capital
Port Louis
Continent
Africa
610 people per km²

Interactive Map of Mauritius

7.4

Centred on Port Louis at 20.1666° S, 57.5000° E. Use the layer panel to switch on rivers, dams, ports, peaks and historical borders.

About Mauritius

Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, located about 1,100 nautical miles (2,000 km; 1,300 mi) off the southeastern coast of Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Agaléga, and St. Brandon (Cargados Carajos shoals). The islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues, along with nearby Réunion, are part of the Mascarene Islands. The main island of Mauritius, where the population is concentrated, hosts the capital and largest city, Port Louis. The country spans 2,040 square kilometres (790 sq mi) and has an exclusive economic zone covering approximately 580,000 square nautical miles (2,000,000 km2; 770,000 sq mi).

The 1502 Portuguese Cantino planisphere has led some historians to speculate that Arab sailors were the first to discover the uninhabited island around 975, naming it Dina Arobi. Called Ilha do Cirne or Ilha do Cerne on early Portuguese maps, the island was visited by Portuguese sailors in 1507. A Dutch fleet landed at what is now the Grand Port District and took possession of the island in 1598, renaming it after Maurice, Prince of Orange. Short-lived Dutch attempts at permanent settlement took place over a century aimed at exploiting the local ebony forests, establishing sugar and arrack production. When French colonisation began in 1715, the island was renamed "Isle de France". In 1810, the United Kingdom seized the island and under the Treaty of Paris, France ceded Mauritius and its dependencies to the United Kingdom. The British colony of Mauritius now included Rodrigues, Agaléga, St. Brandon, the Chagos Archipelago, and, until 1906, the Seychelles. Mauritius and France dispute sovereignty over the island of Tromelin, the treaty failing to mention it specifically. Mauritius became the British Empire's main sugar-producing colony and remained a primarily sugar-dominated plantation-based colony until independence, in 1968. The country became a republic in 1992 but retained the Privy Council of the United Kingdom as highest court of appeal.

In 1965, three years before the independence of Mauritius, the United Kingdom split the Chagos Archipelago away from Mauritius, and the islands of Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches from the Seychelles, to form the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT). The local population was forcibly expelled and the largest island, Diego Garcia, was leased to the United States, restricting access to the archipelago.

Summary adapted from Wikipedia: Mauritius (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Mauritius
Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Geography and Climate of Mauritius

Although known to Arab and European sailors since at least the early 1500s, the island of Mauritius was uninhabited until 1638 when the Dutch established a settlement named in honor of Prince Maurits van NASSAU. Their presence led to the rapid disappearance of the flightless dodo bird that has since become one of the most well-known examples of extinction in modern times. The Dutch abandoned their financially distressed settlement in 1710, although a number of formerly enslaved people remained. In 1722, the French established what would become a highly profitable settlement focused on sugar cane plantations that were reliant on the labor of enslaved people brought to Mauritius from other parts of Africa. In the 1790s, the island had a brief period of autonomous rule when plantation owners rejected French control because of laws ending slavery that were temporarily in effect during the French Revolution. Britain captured the island in 1810 as part of the Napoleonic Wars but kept most of the French administrative structure, which remains to this day in the form of the country’s legal codes and widespread use of the French Creole language. The abolition of slavery in 1835 -- later than most other British colonies -- led to increased reliance on contracted laborers from the Indian subcontinent to work on plantations. Today their descendants form the majority of the population. Mauritius remained a strategically important British naval base and later an air station, and it played a role during World War II in anti-submarine and convoy operations, as well as in the collection of signals intelligence. Mauritius gained independence from the UK in 1968 as a Parliamentary Republic and has remained a stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record. The country also attracted considerable foreign investment and now has one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Mauritius’ often-fractious coalition politics has been dominated by two prominent families, each of which has had father-son pairs who have been prime minister over multiple, often nonconsecutive, terms. Seewoosagur RAMGOOLAM (1968-76) was Mauritius’ first prime minister, and he was succeeded by Anerood JUGNAUTH (1982-95, 2000-03, 2014-17); his son Navin RAMGOOLAM (1995-2000, 2005-14); and Paul Raymond BERENGER (2003-05), the only non-Hindu prime minister of post-independence Mauritius. In 2017, Pravind JUGNAUTH became prime minister after his father stepped down short of completing his term, and he was elected in his own right in 2019. Mauritius claims the French island of Tromelin and the British Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory). Since 2017, Mauritius has secured favorable UN General Assembly resolutions and an International Court of Justice advisory opinion relating to its sovereignty dispute with the UK.

Location
Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, about 800 km (500 mi) east of Madagascar.
Climate
Tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Terrain
Small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau.
Highest point
Mont Piton 828 m.
Lowest point
Indian Ocean 0 m.
Coastline
177 km.
Land borders
Total: 0 km.
Natural resources
Arable land, fish.
Land use
Agricultural land: 43% (2023 est.); arable land: 37.6% (2023 est.); permanent crops: 2% (2023 est.); permanent pasture: 3.5% (2023 est.); forest: 19.2% (2023 est.); other: 37.8% (2023 est.)
Natural hazards
Cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards.
Geographic note
The main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs; former home of the extinct dodo, a large flightless bird related to pigeons.
Languages
Creole 86.5%, Bhojpuri 5.3%, French 4.1%, two languages 1.4%, other 2.6% (includes English, one of the two official languages of the National Assembly, which is spoken by less than 1% of the population), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)
Religions
Hindu 48.5%, Roman Catholic 26.3%, Muslim 17.3%, other Christian 6.4%, other 0.6%, none 0.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)
Ethnic groups
Indo-Mauritian (compose approximately two thirds of the total population), Creole, Sino-Mauritian, Franco-Mauritian.
Economy
Upper middle-income Indian Ocean island economy; diversified portfolio; investing in maritime security; strong tourism sector decimated by COVID-19; expanding in information and financial services; environmentally fragile.

From the CIA World Factbook (public domain), archived edition of 2026-01-22. The Factbook is no longer updated, so figures reflect that edition.

Mauritius in Numbers

Population
1.24 million
2025
GDP
US$16.2 billion
2025
GDP per person
US$12,991
2025
Life expectancy
73.8 years
2024
Population growth
-0.16% a year
2025
Population density
623 per km²
2024
Urban population
39.0%
2025
Surface area
2,010 km²
2024
Forest cover
19.1%
2024
Arable land
35.3%
2024
Access to electricity
100.0%
2024
Internet users
73.3%
2024

Indicators from World Bank Open Data (CC BY 4.0). The year under each figure is its reference year.

Mauritius in Depth

History

The island of Mauritius was uninhabited before its first recorded visit by Arab sailors in the end of the 10th century. Its name Dina Arobi has been associated with Arab sailors who first discovered the island.

The Treaty of Tordesillas, designed to prevent conflict between Portugal and Spain, gave the Kingdom of Portugal the right to colonise this part of the world. In 1507, Portuguese sailors came to the uninhabited island and established a visiting base. Diogo Fernandes Pereira, a Portuguese navigator, was the first European known to land in Mauritius. He named the island "Ilha do Cisne" ("Island of the Swan"). The Portuguese did not stay long as they were not interested in these islands.

Geography

The total land area of the country is 2,040 km2 (790 sq mi). It is the 170th largest nation in the world by size. The Republic of Mauritius comprises Mauritius Island and several outlying islands. The nation's exclusive economic zone covers about 2.3 million square kilometres (670,000 sq nmi; 890,000 sq mi) of the Indian Ocean, including approximately 400,000 km2 (150,000 sq mi) jointly managed with the Seychelles.

Mauritius is 1,100 nautical miles (2,000 km; 1,300 mi) off the southeast coast of Africa, between latitudes 19°58.8'S and 20°31.7'S and longitudes 57°18.0'E and 57°46.5'E. It is 65 km (40 mi) long and 45 km (30 mi) wide. Its land area is 1,864.8 km2 (720.0 sq mi).

Environment and climate

The environment in Mauritius is typically tropical in the coastal regions with forests in the mountainous areas. Seasonal cyclones are destructive to its flora and fauna, although they recover quickly. In 2011, Mauritius ranked second in a WTO global air quality index. It had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.46/10, ranking it 100th globally out of 172 countries.

Situated near the Tropic of Capricorn, Mauritius has a tropical climate. There are 2 seasons: a warm humid summer from November to April, with a mean temperature of 24.7 °C (76.5 °F) and a relatively cool dry winter from June to September, with a mean temperature of 20.4 °C (68.7 °F). The temperature difference between the seasons is only 4.3 °C (7.7 °F).

Economy

Mauritius is often described as the most developed country in Africa. Since independence from Britain in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculture-based economy to a high-income diversified economy, based on tourism, textiles, sugar, and financial services. The economic history of Mauritius since independence has been called "the Mauritian Miracle" and the "success of Africa".

In recent years, information and communication technology, seafood, hospitality and property development, healthcare, renewable energy, and education and training have emerged as important sectors, attracting substantial investment from both local and foreign investors.

Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Mauritius (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Mauritius: Key Facts

Key facts about Mauritius
CurrencyMauritian rupee
Official languagesEnglish, French
Head of stateDharam Gokhool
Head of governmentPravind Jugnauth
Form of governmentparliamentary republic
Calling code+230
Internet domain.mu
Highest pointPiton de la Petite Rivière Noire
Lowest pointIndian Ocean
Established12 March 1968

Facts from Wikidata Q1027 (CC0).

History of Mauritius: Empires and States

The atlas records 8 polities whose mapped territory included part of Mauritius, from Dutch Republic in 1640 CE to 2024 CE. They are listed in the order they first appear.

Polities that held Mauritius, in chronological order
PolityPeriod here
Dutch Republic1640–1712 CE
Kingdom of France1721–1791 CE
French India1721–1814 CE
The French Colonial Empire1791–1810 CE
First French Empire1805–1810 CE
British Colonial Empire1811–1968 CE
The British Empire1811–1968 CE
Mauritius1969–2024 CE

Historical Maps of Mauritius

Mauritius on the world map in each year one of these states held it:

Derived by testing mapped cities against dated territorial polygons. Dates are when the polygons cover this place, not the polity's whole lifespan, and polities absent from the source dataset are not listed.

Visiting Mauritius

Mauritius (French: Maurice, Mauritian Creole: Moris) is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) from the African continent. Mauritius is mostly appreciated by visitors for its natural beauty and man-made attractions, multi-ethnic and cultural diversity, tropical climate, beautiful beaches and water sports.

Travel notes adapted from Wikivoyage: Mauritius (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Largest Cities in Mauritius

2 cities recorded. Ranked by metropolitan population. A port city's harbour is written up on the page of its sea.

Largest Cities in Mauritius
#NamePopulation
1Port Louis595,491
2Curepipe299,975

Highest Mountains in Mauritius

1 mountain recorded. Ranked by summit elevation above sea level. A summit on a border is listed under both countries.

Highest Mountains in Mauritius
#NameElevation
1Petite Rivière Noire Peak828 m

Ports in Mauritius

2 ports recorded. Ranked by approach channel depth, the figure that limits which ships can call. Harbours link to their write-up on the page of the sea or coast they lie on.

Ports in Mauritius
#NameChannel Depth
1Port Mathurin42.1 m
2Port Louis34.7 m

UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Mauritius

2 World Heritage Sites recorded. Listed by year of inscription, earliest first. Sites shared with another country appear under each.

More on these World Heritage Sites →
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Mauritius
#NameInscribed
1Aapravasi Ghat2006
2Le Morne Brabant2008

Largest Islands of Mauritius

3 islands recorded. Ranked by mapped area. An island divided between countries is listed under each, with the area of the whole island.

Largest Islands of Mauritius
#NameArea
1Mascarene Islands359,697 km²
2Chagos Archipelago35,114 km²
3Mauritius1,906 km²
Chagos Archipelago
Image via Wikimedia Commons (author and licence on the file page).

Chagos Archipelago

Island group · 35,114 km²

Chagos Archipelago is an island group in Seven seas (open ocean) (Indian Ocean), covering an estimated 35,114 km². It extends across the United Kingdom and Mauritius.

The Chagos Archipelago (, also UK: ) or Chagos Islands (formerly Bassas de Chagas, and later the Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 islands in the Indian Ocean about 500 kilometres (310 mi) south of the Maldives archipelago. This chain of islands is the southernmost archipelago of the Chagos–Laccadive Ridge, a long submarine mountain range. To the north are the Salomon Islands, Nelsons Island and Peros Banhos; to the southwest are the Three Brothers, Eagle Islands, Egmont Islands and Danger Island; southeast of these is Diego Garcia, by far the largest island. All are low-lying atolls, save for a few extremely small instances, set around lagoons.

The islands were first permanently settled by Europeans. From 1715 to 1810, the Chagos Islands were part of France's Indian Ocean possessions, administered through Isle de France—which was a colony of France (later renamed Mauritius). Under the Treaty of Paris in 1814, France ceded Isle de France and the Chagos Islands to the United Kingdom.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Chagos Archipelago (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Island group
Mapped extent
35,114 km²
Size rank
#94 of 445 islands
Region
Seven seas (open ocean)
Subregion
Indian Ocean
Countries
United Kingdom, Mauritius
Coordinates
-6.7108°, 71.6151°
Ranges:
Eastern Ghats (Asia), Ogo Mountains (Africa)
Settlements:
Port Louis (2,134 km), Curepipe (2,144 km)

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More about Chagos Archipelago

Geography

The archipelago is about 500 kilometres (310 mi) south of the Maldives, 1,880 kilometres (1,170 mi) east of the Seychelles, 1,680 kilometres (1,040 mi) north-east of Rodrigues Island (Mauritius), 2,700 kilometres (1,700 mi) west of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and 3,400 kilometres (2,100 mi) north of Amsterdam Island (France).

The land area of the islands is 56.1 km2 (21.7 sq mi), the largest island, Diego Garcia, having an area of 32.5 km2 (12.5 sq mi). The total area, including lagoons within atolls, is more than 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi), of which 12,642 km2 (4,881 sq mi) are accounted by the Great Chagos Bank, the largest acknowledged atoll structure of the world (the completely submerged Saya de Malha Bank is larger, but its status as an atoll is uncertain).

History

According to Southern Maldivian oral tradition, local traders and fishermen were occasionally lost at sea and became stranded in one of the islands of the Chagos. Eventually they were rescued and brought back home. However, these islands were judged to be too far away from the Maldives to be settled permanently by Maldivians. Thus, for many centuries, the Chagos were ignored by their northern neighbours.

The first Europeans to become aware of the archipelago were Portuguese explorers. Although the Portuguese navigator Pedro de Mascarenhas (1470 – 23 June 1555) is credited with having encountered the islands during his voyage of 1512–13, there is little corroborative evidence; cartographic analysis points to 1532 or later.

Ecology

The Chagos, together with the Maldives and Lakshadweep, forms the Maldives–Lakshadweep–Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests terrestrial ecoregion. The islands and their surrounding waters are a vast oceanic Environment Preservation and Protection Zone (EPPZ) (Fisheries Conservation and Management Zone (FCMZ) of 544,000 square kilometres (210,000 sq mi)), an area twice the size of the UK's land surface.

The deep oceanic waters around the Chagos Islands, out to the 200 nautical mile limit, include an exceptional diversity of undersea geological features (such as 6000 m deep trenches, oceanic ridges, and sea mounts). These areas almost certainly harbour many undiscovered and specially adapted species.

Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Chagos Archipelago (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Chagos Archipelago: Key Facts

Key facts about Chagos Archipelago
Area63.2 km²
Population3,000 (2014)
Surrounded byIndian Ocean

Facts from Wikidata Q192188 (CC0).

Visiting Chagos Archipelago

The British Indian Ocean Territory, also known as the Chagos Islands, is centrally located in the Indian Ocean, south of the Maldives, about halfway between Madagascar and Indonesia. The main island, Diego Garcia, is a military facility off limits to anyone not on official duty, but some of the uninhabited outer islands can be visited by independent yachters with advance permission.

To quote the British Indian Ocean Territory travel advice through the British Foreign Office: "The British Indian Ocean Territory is not a tourist destination. Access is restricted and a permit is required in advance of travel. There are no commercial flights and permits are only issued to yachts in safe passage. Access to Diego Garcia is only permitted to those with connections to the military facility."

In 2024, Britain announced that the Chagos Islands except Diego Garcia would be handed over to Mauritius. However, the final treaty is yet to be negotiated and no Chagossians have moved back yet, meaning that opening to tourism is still years away.

Travel notes adapted from Wikivoyage: British Indian Ocean Territory (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Mauritius
Image via Wikimedia Commons (author and licence on the file page).

Mauritius

Island · 1,906 km²

Mauritius is an island in Seven seas (open ocean) (Mascarene Islands), covering an estimated 1,906 km².

Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, located about 1,100 nautical miles (2,000 km; 1,300 mi) off the southeastern coast of Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Agaléga, and St. Brandon (Cargados Carajos shoals). The islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues, along with nearby Réunion, are part of the Mascarene Islands. The main island of Mauritius, where the population is concentrated, hosts the capital and largest city, Port Louis. The country spans 2,040 square kilometres (790 sq mi) and has an exclusive economic zone covering approximately 580,000 square nautical miles (2,000,000 km2; 770,000 sq mi).

The 1502 Portuguese Cantino planisphere has led some historians to speculate that Arab sailors were the first to discover the uninhabited island around 975, naming it Dina Arobi. Called Ilha do Cirne or Ilha do Cerne on early Portuguese maps, the island was visited by Portuguese sailors in 1507. A Dutch fleet landed at what is now the Grand Port District and took possession of the island in 1598, renaming it after Maurice, Prince of Orange.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Mauritius (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Island
Mapped extent
1,906 km²
Size rank
#253 of 445 islands
Region
Seven seas (open ocean)
Subregion
Mascarene Islands
Coordinates
-20.3127°, 57.5476°
Summits:
Piton des Neiges (3,069 m), Maromokotro (2,876 m), Benara (660 m)
Ranges:
Inyanga Mountains (Africa), Lebombo Mountains (Africa)
Settlements:
Curepipe (3 km), Port Louis (17 km), St.-Benoit (207 km)

View on the live map

More about Mauritius

Geography

The total land area of the country is 2,040 km2 (790 sq mi). It is the 170th largest nation in the world by size. The Republic of Mauritius comprises Mauritius Island and several outlying islands. The nation's exclusive economic zone covers about 2.3 million square kilometres (670,000 sq nmi; 890,000 sq mi) of the Indian Ocean, including approximately 400,000 km2 (150,000 sq mi) jointly managed with the Seychelles.

Mauritius is 1,100 nautical miles (2,000 km; 1,300 mi) off the southeast coast of Africa, between latitudes 19°58.8'S and 20°31.7'S and longitudes 57°18.0'E and 57°46.5'E. It is 65 km (40 mi) long and 45 km (30 mi) wide. Its land area is 1,864.8 km2 (720.0 sq mi).

History

The island of Mauritius was uninhabited before its first recorded visit by Arab sailors in the end of the 10th century. Its name Dina Arobi has been associated with Arab sailors who first discovered the island.

The Treaty of Tordesillas, designed to prevent conflict between Portugal and Spain, gave the Kingdom of Portugal the right to colonise this part of the world. In 1507, Portuguese sailors came to the uninhabited island and established a visiting base. Diogo Fernandes Pereira, a Portuguese navigator, was the first European known to land in Mauritius. He named the island "Ilha do Cisne" ("Island of the Swan"). The Portuguese did not stay long as they were not interested in these islands.

Environment and climate

The environment in Mauritius is typically tropical in the coastal regions with forests in the mountainous areas. Seasonal cyclones are destructive to its flora and fauna, although they recover quickly. In 2011, Mauritius ranked second in a WTO global air quality index. It had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.46/10, ranking it 100th globally out of 172 countries.

Situated near the Tropic of Capricorn, Mauritius has a tropical climate. There are 2 seasons: a warm humid summer from November to April, with a mean temperature of 24.7 °C (76.5 °F) and a relatively cool dry winter from June to September, with a mean temperature of 20.4 °C (68.7 °F). The temperature difference between the seasons is only 4.3 °C (7.7 °F).

Demographics

In the 2022 census, Mauritius had a population of 1,235,260 (608,090 males, 627,170 females). The population on the island of Mauritius was 1,191,280 (586,590 males and 604,690 females), and that of Rodrigues island was 43,650 (21,330 males and 22,320 females). Agalega island's population was 330 (170 males and 160 females).

Mauritius has the second highest population density in Africa. In the 2022 census, the average age of the population was 38 years. The proportion of the populated aged below 15 years went down from 20.7% in 2011 to 15.4% in 2022, while the share of persons aged 60 years and over has risen from 12.7% to 18.7% in the same period.

Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Mauritius (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Mauritius: Key Facts

Key facts about Mauritius
Area2,040 km²
Population1,264,613 (2017)
Highest pointPiton de la Petite Rivière Noire
Surrounded byIndian Ocean

Facts from Wikidata Q1027 (CC0).

Visiting Mauritius

Mauritius (French: Maurice, Mauritian Creole: Moris) is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) from the African continent. Mauritius is mostly appreciated by visitors for its natural beauty and man-made attractions, multi-ethnic and cultural diversity, tropical climate, beautiful beaches and water sports.

Travel notes adapted from Wikivoyage: Mauritius (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Countries Bordering Mauritius

Land and maritime neighbours.

More Maps in Africa

Mauritius: Quick Answers

What is the capital of Mauritius?
The capital of Mauritius is Port Louis.
What is the population of Mauritius?
Mauritius has a population of about 1.24 million, the #159 largest of 225 countries in YearMaps. Source: World Bank, 2025.
How big is Mauritius?
Mauritius covers 2,040 km², ranking #182 by area, with about 610 people per square kilometre.
Which continent is Mauritius in?
Mauritius is in Africa.
Which countries border Mauritius?
Mauritius shares a land or maritime border with Seychelles, France, Maldives.
What is the largest city in Mauritius?
Port Louis is the largest city in Mauritius, with a metropolitan population of about 595,491.
What is the highest mountain in Mauritius?
The highest summit recorded for Mauritius in YearMaps is Petite Rivière Noire Peak at 828 m (2,717 ft). Summits on a border are counted for both countries.