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Map of Yemen

Yemen is a country in Asia with its capital at Aden, home to about 41.77 million people across 455,503 km². The interactive map below plots 20 cities and towns, 2 mountain summits and 8 ports recorded for Yemen in YearMaps.

Population
41.77 million
#37 of 225 · World Bank, 2025
Area
455,503 km²
#56 by area
Capital
Aden
Largest city: Sanaa
Continent
Asia
92 people per km²

Interactive Map of Yemen

5.2

Centred on Aden at 15.3567° N, 44.2047° E. Use the layer panel to switch on rivers, dams, ports, peaks and historical borders.

About Yemen

Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in southern Arabia, the country includes the Socotra Archipelago and borders Saudi Arabia to the north, Oman to the northeast, the Arabian Sea to the east, the Gulf of Aden to the south, and the Red Sea to the west. It also shares maritime borders with Djibouti, Eritrea, and Somalia across the Horn of Africa. Covering 455,503 square kilometres (175,871 sq mi), with a coastline of approximately 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi), Yemen is the second-largest country on the Arabian Peninsula by both area and population. Sanaa is its constitutional capital and largest city. Yemen's population is estimated at 34.7 million, predominantly Muslim Arabs.

Owing to its geographic location, Yemen has been at the crossroads of many civilisations for over 7,000 years. The Sabaeans formed a thriving commercial kingdom that influenced parts of modern Ethiopia and Eritrea. In AD 275, it was succeeded by the Himyarite Kingdom, which spanned much of Yemen's present-day territory and was heavily influenced by Judaism. Christianity arrived in the fourth century, followed by the rapid spread of Islam in the seventh century. From its conversion to Islam, Yemen became a centre of Islamic learning, and Yemenite troops played a crucial role in early Islamic conquests. For centuries, Yemen was a primary producer of coffee, exported through the port of Mocha. Various dynasties emerged between the ninth and sixteenth centuries. During the 19th century, the country was divided between the Ottoman and British empires. After World War I, the Kingdom of Yemen was established, which in 1962 became the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) following the North Yemen civil war. In 1967, the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) gained independence from the British Aden Protectorate, becoming the first and only communist state in the Middle East. In 1990, the two Yemeni states united to form the modern Republic of Yemen, with Ali Abdullah Saleh serving as the first president until his resignation in 2012 in the wake of the Arab Spring.

Since 2011, Yemen has been enduring a political crisis, marked by street protests against poverty, unemployment, corruption, and President Saleh's plan to amend Yemen's constitution. By 2015, the country became engulfed in an ongoing civil war with multiple entities vying for governance, including the Presidential Leadership Council of the internationally recognised government and the Houthi movement's Supreme Political Council.

Summary adapted from Wikipedia: Yemen (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Yemen
Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Geography and Climate of Yemen

The Kingdom of Yemen (colloquially known as North Yemen) became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1918 and in 1962 became the Yemen Arab Republic. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became the People's Republic of Southern Yemen (colloquially known as South Yemen). Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation and changed the country's name to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. The exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states, which were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement and brief civil war in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to delineate their border. Fighting in the northwest between the government and the Houthis, a Zaydi Shia Muslim minority, continued intermittently from 2004 to 2010, and then again from 2014 to the present. The southern secessionist movement was revitalized in 2007. Public rallies in Sana'a against then President Ali Abdallah SALIH -- inspired by similar Arab Spring demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt -- slowly gained momentum in 2011, fueled by complaints over high unemployment, poor economic conditions, and corruption. Some protests resulted in violence, and the demonstrations spread to other major cities. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) mediated the crisis with the GCC Initiative, an agreement in which the president would step down in exchange for immunity from prosecution. SALIH eventually agreed to step down and transfer some powers to Vice President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI. After HADI's uncontested election victory in 2012, SALIH formally transferred all presidential powers. In accordance with the GCC Initiative, Yemen launched a National Dialogue Conference (NDC) in 2013 to discuss key constitutional, political, and social issues. HADI concluded the NDC in 2014 and planned to proceed with constitutional drafting, a constitutional referendum, and national elections. The Houthis, perceiving their grievances were not addressed in the NDC, joined forces with SALIH and expanded their influence in northwestern Yemen, which culminated in a major offensive against military units and rival tribes and enabled their forces to overrun the capital, Sana'a, in 2014. In 2015, the Houthis surrounded key government facilities, prompting HADI and the cabinet to resign. HADI fled first to Aden -- where he rescinded his resignation -- and then to Oman before moving to Saudi Arabia and asking the GCC to intervene militarily in Yemen. Saudi Arabia assembled a coalition of Arab militaries and began airstrikes, and ground fighting continued through 2016. In 2016, the UN initiated peace talks that ended without agreement. Rising tensions between the Houthis and SALIH culminated in Houthi forces killing SALIH. In 2018, the Houthis and the Yemeni Government participated in UN-brokered peace talks, agreeing to a limited cease-fire and the establishment of a UN mission. In 2019, Yemen’s parliament convened for the first time since the conflict broke out in 2014. Violence then erupted between HADI's government and the pro-secessionist Southern Transitional Council (STC) in southern Yemen. HADI's government and the STC signed a power-sharing agreement to end the fighting, and in 2020, the signatories formed a new cabinet. In 2020 and 2021, fighting continued as the Houthis gained territory and also conducted regular UAV and missile attacks against targets in Saudi Arabia. In 2022, the UN brokered a temporary truce between the Houthis and the Saudi-led coalition. HADI and his vice-president resigned and were replaced by an eight-person Presidential Leadership Council. Although the truce formally expired in 2022, the parties nonetheless refrained from large-scale conflict through the end of 2023. Saudi Arabia, after the truce expired, continued to negotiate with the Yemeni Government and Houthis on a roadmap agreement that would include a permanent ceasefire and a peace process under UN auspices.

Location
Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia.
Climate
Mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east.
Terrain
Narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula.
Highest point
Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,666 m.
Lowest point
Arabian Sea 0 m.
Coastline
1,906 km.
Land borders
Total: 1,601 km; border countries: Oman 294 km; Saudi Arabia 1,307 km.
Natural resources
Petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west.
Land use
Agricultural land: 44.4% (2023 est.); arable land: 2.2% (2023 est.); permanent crops: 0.6% (2023 est.); permanent pasture: 41.7% (2023 est.); forest: 1% (2023 est.); other: 54.5% (2023 est.)
Natural hazards
Sandstorms and dust storms in summer volcanism: limited volcanic activity; Jebel at Tair (Jabal al-Tair, Jebel Teir, Jabal al-Tayr, Jazirat at-Tair) (244 m), which forms an island in the Red Sea, became active in 2007; other historically active volcanoes include Harra of Arhab, Harras of Dhamar, Harra es-Sawad, and Jebel Zubair, although many of these have not erupted in over a century.
Geographic note
Strategic location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden and one of world's most active shipping lanes.
Languages
Arabic (official)
Religions
Muslim 99.1% (official; virtually all are citizens, an estimated 65% are Sunni and 35% are Shia), other 0.9% (includes Jewish, Baha'i, Hindu, and Christian; many are refugees or temporary foreign residents) (2020 est.)
Ethnic groups
Predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asian, European.
Economy
Low-income Middle Eastern economy; infrastructure, trade, and economic institutions devastated by civil war; oil/gas-dependent but decreasing reserves; massive poverty, food insecurity, and unemployment; high inflation.

From the CIA World Factbook (public domain), archived edition of 2026-01-22. The Factbook is no longer updated, so figures reflect that edition.

Yemen in Numbers

Population
41.77 million
2025
GDP
US$21.6 billion
2018
GDP per person
US$634
2018
Life expectancy
69.4 years
2024
Population growth
2.89% a year
2025
Population density
77 per km²
2024
Urban population
37.0%
2025
Surface area
527,968 km²
2024
Forest cover
1.0%
2024
Arable land
2.2%
2024
Access to electricity
86.3%
2024
Internet users
17.5%
2019

Indicators from World Bank Open Data (CC BY 4.0). The year under each figure is its reference year.

Yemen in Depth

History

With its long sea border between eastern and western civilisations, Yemen has long existed at a crossroads of cultures with a strategic location in terms of trade on the west of the Arabian Peninsula. Large settlements existed in the mountains of northern Yemen since 5000 BC. The four major kingdoms in South Arabia were Saba, Hadhramaut, Qataban, and Ma'in.

Sabaʾ (Arabic: سَـبَـأ) is thought to be biblical Sheba and was the most prominent federation. Sabaean rulers adopted a title generally thought to mean unifier, as the role of the Mukarrib was to bring the various tribes under their kingdom. Saba built the Great Dam of Marib around 940 BC.

By the third century BC, Qataban, Hadhramaut, and Ma'in became independent from Saba. Ma'in stretched to Dedan, with their capital at Baraqish.

Geography

Yemen covers 455,000 km2 (175,676 sq mi) and is located at the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Guardafui Channel to the south, and Oman to the east.

Several Red Sea islands, including the Hanish Islands, Kamaran, and Perim, as well as Socotra in the Arabian Sea, belong to Yemen; the largest of these is Socotra. Many of the islands are volcanic; Jabal al-Tair Island had volcanic eruptions in 1883 and 2007.

Economy

Since its unification in 1990, Yemen has been one of the poorest countries in the Middle East. As of 2013 Yemen had a GDP (PPP) of US$61.63 billion, with an income per capita of $2,500. Services are the largest economic sector (61.4% of GDP), followed by the industrial sector (30.9%), and agriculture (7.7%). Of these, petroleum production represents around 25% of GDP and 63% of the government's revenue. After the start of the civil war in 2014, its GDP dropped rapidly by over 50%, thanks to the blockade led by Saudi Arabia and an effective embargo on oil exports imposed by the Houthis.

Principal agricultural commodities produced include grain, vegetables, fruits, pulses, qat, coffee, cotton, dairy products, fish, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), and poultry.

Demographics

Yemen's population is 33 million by 2021 estimates, with 46% of the population being under 15 years old and 2.7% above 65 years. In 1950, it was 4.3 million. By 2050, the population is estimated to increase to about 60 million. Yemen has a high total fertility rate, at 4.45 children per woman. Sanaa's population has increased rapidly, from roughly 55,000 in 1978 to nearly 1 million in the early 21st century.

When the states of North and South Yemen were established, most minority groups departed. Yemen is a largely tribal society. There are also hereditary caste groups in urban areas, such as the Akhdam.

An estimated 100,000 Indo-Yemenis live in southern Yemen.

Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Yemen (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Yemen: Key Facts

Key facts about Yemen
CurrencyYemeni Rial
Official languageArabic
Head of stateRashad al-Alimi
Head of governmentSalem Saleh bin Braik
Form of governmentrepublic, presidential system
Calling code+967
Internet domain.ye
Highest pointJabal an Nabi Shu'ayb
Lowest pointArabian Sea
Established22 May 1990

Facts from Wikidata Q805 (CC0).

History of Yemen: Empires and States

The atlas records 31 polities whose mapped territory included part of Yemen, from Sabaeans in 800 BCE to 2024 CE. They are listed in the order they first appear.

Polities that held Yemen, in chronological order
PolityPeriod here
Sabaeans800 BCE – 282 CE
Hadhramaut700 BCE – 305 CE
Himyarite Kingdom110 BCE – 601 CE
Minaeans36–26 BCE
The Roman Empire25–20 BCE
The Kingdom of Aksum238–601 CE
Kingdom of Axum238–601 CE
The Sasanian Empire602–632 CE
Rashidun Caliphate633–665 CE
The Umayyad Caliphate666–750 CE
The Abbasid Caliphate751–898 CE
Ziyadid dynasty866–1084 CE
Sulayhid Dynasty1056–1065 CE
Najahid Dynasty1066–1168 CE
Zurayid dynasty1085–1176 CE
Nabhani Dynasty1169–1176 CE
Ayyubid Sultanate1177–1235 CE
Rasulid Dynasty1236–1458 CE
Tahirid Sultanate1459–1515 CE
Kingdom of Portugal1516–1555 CE
The Portuguese Empire1516–1555 CE
The Ottoman Empire1519–1918 CE
Qasimids1636–1802 CE
Emirate of Diriyah1803–1813 CE
Imamate of Yemen1814–1872 CE
The British Empire1840–1968 CE
Kingdom of Great Britain1840–1968 CE
British Colonial Empire1870–1889 CE
North Yemen1919–1989 CE
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen1969–1989 CE
Republic of Yemen1990–2024 CE

Derived by testing mapped cities against dated territorial polygons. Dates are when the polygons cover this place, not the polity's whole lifespan, and polities absent from the source dataset are not listed.

Visiting Yemen

Yemen (Arabic: ٱلْيَمَن) is a country in the southern Arabian Peninsula of the Middle East. Although it is rich in history and culture, being part of several civilizations, the country has been in a state of flux since the 1980s. It is one of the least developed and poorest countries in the world.

However, under less extreme circumstances, this vast country has a lot to offer to the adventurous, thrill-seeking traveller, from desert to mountains. Yemen is a difficult country to get around, but the rewards for the persistent visitor are unforgettable.

Yemenis are very friendly and open, and tourists might find themselves being treated as celebrities here; in fact, they might be showered with a lot of hospitality and care, even if they unintentionally make a few cultural blunders.

Travel notes adapted from Wikivoyage: Yemen (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Largest Cities in Yemen

20 cities recorded. Ranked by metropolitan population. A port city's harbour is written up on the page of its sea.

Largest Cities in Yemen
#NamePopulation
1Sanaa2.01 million
2Aden1.00 million
3Al Hudaydah780,000
4Taizz751,000
5Al Mukalla258,132
6Ibb234,837
7Hajjah208,287
8Dhamar191,259
9Zabīd152,504
10Sadah105,542
11Saywun68,747
12Lahij66,288
13Ash Shihr54,274
14Rida45,233
15Al Bayda37,821
16'Ataq37,315
17Al Ghaydah27,404
18Marib16,794
19Hadiboh11,396
20Sayhut189

Highest Mountains in Yemen

2 mountains recorded. Ranked by summit elevation above sea level. A summit on a border is listed under both countries.

Highest Mountains in Yemen
#NameElevation
1Jabal an-Nabi Shu’aib3,666 m
2Jabal Jihaf3,277 m

Ports in Yemen

8 ports recorded. Ranked by approach channel depth, the figure that limits which ships can call. Harbours link to their write-up on the page of the sea or coast they lie on.

Ports in Yemen
#NameChannel Depth
1al Mukha42.1 m
2Salif38.4 m
3al Ahmadi38.4 m
4Aden27.4 m
5Balhaf—
6Ras Isa Marine Terminal—
7Rudum Terminal—
8Nishtun—

UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Yemen

5 World Heritage Sites recorded. Listed by year of inscription, earliest first. Sites shared with another country appear under each.

More on these World Heritage Sites →
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Yemen
#NameInscribed
1Shibam1982
2Old Sana'a1986
3Zabid1993
4Socotra Archipelago2008
5Landmarks of the Ancient Kingdom of Saba2023

Largest Islands of Yemen

1 island recorded. Ranked by mapped area. An island divided between countries is listed under each, with the area of the whole island.

Largest Islands of Yemen
#NameArea
1Socotra3,621 km²
Socotra
Image via Wikimedia Commons (author and licence on the file page).

Socotra

Island · 3,621 km²

Socotra is an island in Asia (Arabian Sea), covering an estimated 3,621 km².

Socotra, locally known as Saqatri, is a Yemeni island in the Indian Ocean. It is situated between the Gulf of Aden, the Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Sea, and lies near major shipping routes. The largest of the six islands in the Socotra archipelago, it comprises around 95% of the landmass of the archipelago. It lies 380 kilometres (205 nautical miles) south of the Arabian Peninsula and 232 km (125 nmi) east of the Horn of Africa. The island is culturally and administratively a part of Yemen, but geographically it belongs to Africa, for it represents a continental fragment that is geologically linked to the Somali plate. The inhabitants of the island are called Soqotrans, and they speak Arabic and Soqotri.

Socotra is unusual in hosting a large number of species that are endemic; a third of its plant life is found nowhere else on Earth. Due to the island's unusual geography, it has been described as "the most alien-looking place on Earth". The island measures 132 km (82 mi) in length and 42 km (26 mi) across at its widest. In 2008, Socotra was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Adapted from Wikipedia: Socotra (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Feature class
Island
Mapped extent
3,621 km²
Size rank
#214 of 445 islands
Region
Asia
Subregion
Arabian Sea
Coordinates
12.5063°, 53.6496°
Summits:
Shimbiris (2,414 m), Moussa Ali (2,021 m), Jabal Shams (3,035 m)
Ranges:
Hadhramaut (Asia), Ogo Mountains (Africa)
Settlements:
Al Ghaydah (445 km), Ash Shihr (503 km), Salalah (505 km)

View on the live map

More about Socotra

Geography

Socotra is one of the most isolated landforms on Earth of continental origin (i.e., not of volcanic origin). The archipelago was once part of the supercontinent of Gondwana. It detached during the Miocene epoch, in the same set of rifting events that opened the Gulf of Aden to its northwest. The island is culturally and administratively a part of Yemen, but geographically it belongs to Africa, for it represents a continental fragment that is geologically linked to the Somali plate. Socotra is known for its exceptional level of endemism, with about 37% of its plant species, 90% of its reptile species, and 95% of its land snail species found nowhere else on Earth.

The narrow coastal plains with its characteristic dunes, formed by monsoon winds blowing during three summer months.

History

There was initially an Oldowan lithic culture in Socotra. Oldowan stone tools were found in the area around Hadibo in 2008.

Socotra played an important role in ancient international trade and appears as Dioskouridou (Διοσκουρίδου νῆσος), meaning "the island of Dioscurides" in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a first-century AD Greek navigation aid.

The Hoq Cave contains a large number of inscriptions, drawings and archaeological objects. Further investigation showed that these had been left by sailors who visited the island between the first century BC and the sixth century AD. The texts are written in the South Arabian, Ethiopic, Indian Brāhmī, Greek, Palmyrene and Bactrian languages.

Climate

The climate of Socotra is classified in the Köppen climate classification as BWh and BSh, meaning a transitional hot desert climate and a semi-desert climate with a mean annual temperature over 25 °C (77 °F). Yearly rainfall is light but is roughly spread throughout the year. Orographic lift provided by the interior mountains, especially during the northeast monsoon from October to December, results in the highest inland areas averaging as much as 800 millimetres (31.50 in) per year and receiving over 250 millimetres (9.84 in) per month during November and December. The southwest monsoon season from June to September brings strong winds and high seas.

Demographics

Most of the inhabitants are indigenous Soqotri people from Al-Mahrah tribe, who are of Southern Arabian descent from Al Mahrah Governorate, and are said to be especially closely related with the Qara and Mahra groups of Southern Arabia. Some of the inhabitants are African, descending from former slaves who settled on the island. The majority of male residents on Socotra are reported to be in the J* subclade of Y-DNA haplogroup J. Several of the female lineages, notably those in mtDNA haplogroup N, are unique to the island.

Almost all inhabitants of Socotra, numbering about 50,000, live on the main island of the archipelago.

Sections adapted from Wikipedia: Socotra (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Socotra: Key Facts

Key facts about Socotra
Area3,796 km²
Population42,842 (2005)
Surrounded byArabian Sea

Facts from Wikidata Q82859 (CC0).

Visiting Socotra

Socotra (Arabic: سقطرى ; Suquṭra) is an archipelago consisting mainly of four main islands and two smaller rocky islets in the Indian Ocean, an offshore territory of Yemen, near the Horn of Africa.

Travel notes adapted from Wikivoyage: Socotra (CC BY-SA 4.0).

Mountain Ranges, Deserts and Landforms of Yemen

5 mountain ranges, deserts and other landforms recorded. Ranked by mapped area. Covers mountain ranges, deserts, plateaus, named glaciers, plains, basins, peninsulas and capes. One that crosses a border is listed under every country it lies in, with the area of the whole feature.

More on these mountain ranges, deserts and other landforms →
Mountain Ranges, Deserts and Landforms of Yemen
#NameArea
1Asia46.28M km²
2Rub’ al Khali596,502 km²
3Arabian Peninsula297,867 km²
4ASIR Mountains65,720 km²
5Hadhramaut760 km²

States and Provinces of Yemen

1 first-level divisions with their own map.

Countries Bordering Yemen

Land and maritime neighbours.

More Maps in Asia

Yemen: Quick Answers

What is the capital of Yemen?
The capital of Yemen is Aden.
What is the population of Yemen?
Yemen has a population of about 41.77 million, the #37 largest of 225 countries in YearMaps. Source: World Bank, 2025.
How big is Yemen?
Yemen covers 455,503 km², ranking #56 by area, with about 92 people per square kilometre.
Which continent is Yemen in?
Yemen is in Asia.
Which countries border Yemen?
Yemen shares a land or maritime border with Oman, Saudi Arabia.
What is the largest city in Yemen?
Sanaa is the largest city in Yemen, with a metropolitan population of about 2.01 million.
What is the highest mountain in Yemen?
The highest summit recorded for Yemen in YearMaps is Jabal an-Nabi Shu’aib at 3,666 m (12,028 ft). Summits on a border are counted for both countries.