What empires and states existed in 100 BCE?

The atlas maps 38 states in 100 BCE. The largest by mapped territory were Xiongnu, The Han Dynasty, Parthian Empire, Roman Republic, Shunga Empire, Indo-Scythians.

What was the largest empire in 100 BCE?

Xiongnu had the largest mapped territory in 100 BCE, about 3.32M km², followed by The Han Dynasty (3.16M km²). Areas are measured from the mapped borders and are approximate.

What did the world map look like in 100 BC?

In 100 BCE the map of the World was divided between 38 mapped states and empires. Xiongnu held the largest territory, followed by The Han Dynasty. Their borders covered parts of 61 present-day countries.

How many states are shown on the map for 100 BCE?

38. The map shows the states recorded in the atlas's dated border dataset for that year; states and peoples absent from that dataset are not shown.

World Map 100 BC — Empires & Kingdoms

Map of the World in 100 BCE

3000 BCEDrag timeline:100 BCE2026 CE

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2026

Open Dedicated Era Canvases:

Bronze Age ↗Iron Age ↗Antiquity ↗Early Medieval ↗High Medieval ↗Discovery ↗Industrial ↗Contemporary ↗

Borders are drawn for 100 BCE. Drag the timeline to move to another year.

The Major Powers of 100 BCE

Xiongnu

208 BCE – 153 CE

The Xiongnu were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 209 BC, founded the Xiongnu Empire.

Mapped extent in 100 BCE: 3.32M km²

The Han Dynasty

202 BCE – 237 CE

The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China established by Liu Bang, and preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and the interregnum known as the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC). It was succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD) and also briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) established by the usurping regent Wang Mang.

Mapped extent in 100 BCE: 3.16M km²

Parthian Empire

239 BCE – 237 CE

The Parthian Empire, also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Its latter name comes from its founder, Arsaces I, who led the Parni tribe in conquering the region of Parthia in Iran's northeast, then a satrapy (province) under Andragoras, who was rebelling against the Seleucid Empire.

Mapped extent in 100 BCE: 2.19M km²

Roman Republic

500–32 BCE

The Roman Republic was the era of classical Roman civilisation beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium. During this period, Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world.

Mapped extent in 100 BCE: 1.19M km²

Shunga Empire

170–67 BCE

The Shunga Empire was a ruling entity centred around Magadha and controlled most of the northern Indian subcontinent from around 187 to 75 BCE. The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra, after taking the throne of Magadha from the Mauryas.

Mapped extent in 100 BCE: 1.10M km²

Indo-Scythians

144 BCE – 282 CE

The Indo-Scythians, also known as Indo-Sakas, were a group of nomadic people of Iranic Scythian origin who migrated from Central Asia southward into the present-day regions of Afghanistan, eastern Iran and the northwestern Indian subcontinent. The migrations persisted from the middle of the second century BCE to the fourth century CE.

Mapped extent in 100 BCE: 860,065 km²

Descriptions are the opening of each state's Wikipedia article (CC BY-SA 4.0).

States and Empires in 100 BCE

38 mapped, largest territory first. Dates are the span of each state's mapped borders.

States and empires in 100 BCE
#	State	Mapped area	Dates	Modern countries
1	Xiongnu	3.32M km²	208 BCE – 153 CE	China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia
2	The Han Dynasty	3.16M km²	202 BCE – 237 CE	China, Vietnam, Hong Kong S.A.R., Macau S.A.R
3	Parthian Empire	2.19M km²	239 BCE – 237 CE	Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria and 8 more
4	Roman Republic	1.19M km²	500–32 BCE	Turkey, France, Italy, Spain, Tunisia and 10 more
5	Shunga Empire	1.10M km²	170–67 BCE	India, Bangladesh, Nepal
6	Indo-Scythians	860,065 km²	144 BCE – 282 CE	Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
7	Satavahana Dynasty	657,881 km²	225 BCE – 223 CE	India
8	Indo-Greeks	596,496 km²	126 BCE – 13 CE	India, Pakistan
9	Ptolemaic Kingdom	565,938 km²	331–28 BCE	Egypt, Cyprus
10	Yuezhi	460,804 km²	404 BCE – 42 CE	Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
11	The Kingdom of Kush	336,379 km²	1000 BCE – 346 CE	Sudan
12	Kingdom of Numidia	307,188 km²	197–47 BCE	Algeria, Tunisia, Libya
13	Minaeans	214,510 km²	383–26 BCE	Saudi Arabia
14	Kingdom of Pontus	213,744 km²	281 BCE – 67 CE	Turkey
15	Mayan City-States	198,040 km²	247 BCE – 849 CE	Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Belize
16	Kingdom of Armenia	132,054 km²	326 BCE – 646 CE	Turkey, Armenia
17	Nabataeans	126,171 km²	164 BCE – 105 CE	Egypt, Jordan
18	Cyrenaica	116,348 km²	331–92 BCE	Libya
19	Korean Jin	112,814 km²	197–92 BCE	South Korea, North Korea
20	Seleucid Empire	91,679 km²	318–64 BCE	Turkey, Syria, Lebanon
21	Greek City-States	89,192 km²	800 BCE – 83 CE	Turkey, Greece
22	Kingdom of Cappadocia	88,757 km²	239 BCE – 22 CE	Turkey
23	Hadhramaut	86,171 km²	700 BCE – 305 CE	Yemen
24	Gojoseon	81,320 km²	197–92 BCE	China, North Korea
25	Himyarite Kingdom	73,575 km²	110 BCE – 601 CE	Yemen
26	Anurādhapura	73,532 km²	291 BCE – 1017 CE	Sri Lanka
27	Mauretania	69,469 km²	212 BCE – 42 CE	Morocco
28	Great Yuan	50,986 km²	110 BCE – 50 CE	Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
29	Sabaeans	35,127 km²	800 BCE – 282 CE	Yemen
30	Early Pandyas	32,556 km²	291 BCE – 305 CE	India
31	Kingdom of Bithynia	29,903 km²	333–67 BCE	Turkey
32	Early Cholas	28,856 km²	291 BCE – 305 CE	India
33	Early Cheras	25,181 km²	291 BCE – 305 CE	India
34	Cimmerian Bosporus	24,828 km²	404 BCE – 372 CE	Russia
35	Kingdom of Sophene	16,798 km²	256 BCE – 113 CE	Turkey
36	Judea	15,561 km²	144 BCE – 5 CE	Jordan, Israel, Palestine
37	Qataban	11,666 km²	350 BCE – 183 CE	—
38	Zapotec Civilization	6,447 km²	500 BCE – 895 CE	—

100 BCE by Region

100 BCE: Quick Answers

What empires and states existed in 100 BCE?: The atlas maps 38 states in 100 BCE. The largest by mapped territory were Xiongnu, The Han Dynasty, Parthian Empire, Roman Republic, Shunga Empire, Indo-Scythians.
What was the largest empire in 100 BCE?: Xiongnu had the largest mapped territory in 100 BCE, about 3.32M km², followed by The Han Dynasty (3.16M km²). Areas are measured from the mapped borders and are approximate.
What did the world map look like in 100 BC?: In 100 BCE the map of the World was divided between 38 mapped states and empires. Xiongnu held the largest territory, followed by The Han Dynasty. Their borders covered parts of 61 present-day countries.
How many states are shown on the map for 100 BCE?: 38. The map shows the states recorded in the atlas's dated border dataset for that year; states and peoples absent from that dataset are not shown.