Map of Asia in 1600

The Major Powers of 1600 CE

The Spanish Empire

1516–1931 CE

The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976. In conjunction with the Portuguese Empire, it ushered in the European Age of Discovery.

Mapped extent in 1600 CE: 7.18M km²

Tsardom of Russia

1547–1720 CE

The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. It is generally regarded as the first phase of Tsarist Russia.

Mapped extent in 1600 CE: 4.83M km²

The Ottoman Empire

1305–1923 CE

The Ottoman Empire, also known historically as Turkey or the Turkish Empire, was a state that spanned much of Southeastern Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th century to the early 20th century, centred in modern-day Turkey. It also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

Mapped extent in 1600 CE: 4.26M km²

Golden Horde

1294–1695 CE

The Golden Horde, or Ulus of Jochi, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century, originating from the northwestern part of the Mongol Empire. After the division of the empire in 1259, it became a functionally independent khanate.

Mapped extent in 1600 CE: 3.88M km²

The Ming Dynasty

1375–1644 CE

The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China.

Mapped extent in 1600 CE: 3.85M km²

The Mughal Empire

1529–1858 CE

The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to the highlands of present-day Assam and Bangladesh in the east, and the uplands of the Deccan Plateau in South India.

Mapped extent in 1600 CE: 2.83M km²

Descriptions are the opening of each state's Wikipedia article (CC BY-SA 4.0).

States and empires in Asia in 1600 CE
#	State	Mapped area	Dates	Modern countries
1	The Spanish Empire	7.18M km²	1516–1931 CE	India, United States, Brazil, Mexico, Philippines and 40 more
2	Tsardom of Russia	4.83M km²	1547–1720 CE	Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan
3	The Ottoman Empire	4.26M km²	1305–1923 CE	Egypt, Iran, Turkey, Algeria, Iraq and 26 more
4	Golden Horde	3.88M km²	1294–1695 CE	China, Russia, Mongolia
5	The Ming Dynasty	3.85M km²	1375–1644 CE	China, Hong Kong S.A.R.
6	The Mughal Empire	2.83M km²	1529–1858 CE	India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan
7	Kazakh Khanate	2.65M km²	1468–1847 CE	Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan
8	Safavid Dynasty	2.17M km²	1502–1737 CE	Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan
9	Tibet	1.55M km²	1363–1952 CE	China
10	Eastern Moghulistan	936,509 km²	1519–1686 CE	China
11	Iberian Union	797,417 km²	1582–1639 CE	France, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium and 5 more
12	Kingdom of Sweden	716,345 km²	980–2024 CE	Russia, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Aland
13	Mongol Khanate	498,689 km²	1468–1635 CE	China
14	Ayutthaya Kingdom	450,375 km²	1352–1768 CE	Thailand, Myanmar
15	Tümed	413,980 km²	1547–1699 CE	China
16	First Toungoo Empire	400,228 km²	1502–1756 CE	Myanmar
17	Lan Xang	375,426 km²	1363–1708 CE	Vietnam, Thailand, Laos
18	Khanate of Bukhara	337,211 km²	1516–1787 CE	Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
19	Khoshut Khanate	291,504 km²	1582–1695 CE	China
20	The Khmer Empire	274,386 km²	800–1867 CE	Vietnam, Cambodia
21	Bijapur Sultanate	246,939 km²	1492–1686 CE	India
22	Joseon	235,001 km²	1395–1897 CE	South Korea, North Korea
23	Sultanate of Johor	208,008 km²	1529–1884 CE	Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore
24	Warring States Japan	165,165 km²	1468–1601 CE	Japan
25	Tokugawa Shogunate	163,913 km²	1600–1869 CE	Japan
26	Gorkha Kingdom	148,032 km²	1588–1787 CE	Nepal
27	Western Moghulistan	140,606 km²	1519–1635 CE	Kyrgyzstan
28	Khanate of Khiva	125,257 km²	1512–1919 CE	Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
29	Sultanate of Brunei	120,204 km²	1363–2024 CE	Malaysia, Brunei
30	Golconda Sultanate	114,003 km²	1519–1686 CE	India
31	Small Horde	108,451 km²	1564–1737 CE	Russia, Kazakhstan
32	Sultanate of Maguindanao	106,474 km²	1521–1852 CE	Philippines
33	Trịnh lords	103,059 km²	1572–1787 CE	Vietnam
34	Nguyễn lords	89,944 km²	1572–1775 CE	Vietnam
35	Sultanate of Banten	84,855 km²	1529–1808 CE	Indonesia
36	Sultanate of Palembang	75,189 km²	1459–1821 CE	Indonesia
37	Sultanate of Malacca	65,759 km²	1459–1861 CE	Indonesia, Malaysia
38	Don Cossacks	64,317 km²	1552–1641 CE	Russia
39	Sultanate of Aceh	60,219 km²	1516–1959 CE	Indonesia
40	Crimean Khanate	59,257 km²	1450–1782 CE	Russia, Ukraine
41	Ahmadnagar Sultanate	56,199 km²	1492–1652 CE	India
42	The Portuguese Empire	55,597 km²	1415–1911 CE	Sri Lanka
43	Portuguese Ceylon	54,463 km²	1507–1686 CE	Sri Lanka
44	Lan Na	52,632 km²	1600–1761 CE	Thailand
45	Nayaks of Madurai	48,150 km²	1529–1737 CE	India
46	Mataram Sultanate	45,323 km²	1588–1743 CE	Indonesia
47	Sultanate of Banjar	39,178 km²	1526–1859 CE	Indonesia
48	Duchy of Prussia	38,518 km²	1526–1618 CE	Russia, Poland
49	Bidar Sultanate	32,009 km²	1492–1618 CE	India
50	Sultanate of Cirebon	30,572 km²	1482–1676 CE	Indonesia
51	Blambangan Kingdom	27,732 km²	1519–1743 CE	Indonesia
52	Sultanate of Perak	23,763 km²	1529–1876 CE	Malaysia
53	Kingdom of Mysore	18,135 km²	1572–1799 CE	India
54	Nayaks of Thanjavur	14,694 km²	1534–1676 CE	India
55	Sultanate of Kedah	13,112 km²	1139–1910 CE	Malaysia
56	Patani Kingdom	11,302 km²	1572–1690 CE	Thailand
57	Chámpa	7,917 km²	207–1652 CE	Vietnam
58	Balinese Kingdom	7,719 km²	1519–1686 CE	Indonesia
59	Kathmandu	661 km²	1202–1761 CE	Nepal

State

Mapped area

7.18M km²

4.83M km²

4.26M km²

3.88M km²

3.85M km²

2.83M km²

2.65M km²

2.17M km²

1.55M km²

936,509 km²

797,417 km²

716,345 km²

498,689 km²

450,375 km²

413,980 km²

400,228 km²

375,426 km²

337,211 km²

291,504 km²

274,386 km²

246,939 km²

235,001 km²

208,008 km²

165,165 km²

163,913 km²

148,032 km²

140,606 km²

125,257 km²

120,204 km²

114,003 km²

108,451 km²

Sultanate of Maguindanao

106,474 km²

Trịnh lords

103,059 km²

Nguyễn lords

89,944 km²

Sultanate of Banten

84,855 km²

Sultanate of Palembang

75,189 km²

65,759 km²

64,317 km²

60,219 km²

59,257 km²

56,199 km²

The Portuguese Empire

55,597 km²

54,463 km²

52,632 km²

48,150 km²

45,323 km²

39,178 km²

38,518 km²

32,009 km²

30,572 km²

27,732 km²

23,763 km²

18,135 km²

14,694 km²

13,112 km²

11,302 km²

7,917 km²

7,719 km²

661 km²

1600 CE: Quick Answers

What empires and states existed in Asia in 1600 CE?

The atlas maps 59 states in Asia in 1600 CE. The largest by mapped territory were The Spanish Empire, Tsardom of Russia, The Ottoman Empire, Golden Horde, The Ming Dynasty, The Mughal Empire.

What was the largest empire in Asia in 1600 CE?

The Spanish Empire had the largest mapped territory among states present in Asia in 1600 CE, about 7.18M km², followed by Tsardom of Russia (4.83M km²). Areas are measured from the mapped borders and are approximate.

What did the map of Asia look like in 1600?

In 1600 CE the map of Asia was divided between 59 mapped states and empires. The Spanish Empire held the largest territory, followed by Tsardom of Russia. Their borders covered parts of 105 present-day countries.

How many states are shown on the map for 1600 CE?

59. The map shows the states recorded in the atlas's dated border dataset for that year; states and peoples absent from that dataset are not shown.